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भवता mIs

Today we will look at the form भवता mIs from श्रीमद्वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् 6-5-9.

अवगाह्यार्णवं स्वप्स्ये सौमित्रे भवता विना । एवं च प्रज्वलन् कामो न मा सुप्तं जले दहेत् ।। ६-५-९ ।।
बह्वेतत्कामयानस्य शक्यमेतेन जीवितुम् । यदहं सा च वामोरूरेकां धरणिमाश्रितौ ।। ६-५-१० ।।
केदारस्येव केदारः सोदकस्य निरूदकः । उपस्नेहेन जीवामि जीवन्तीं यच्छृणोमि ताम् ।। ६-५-११ ।।

Gita Press translation, “Diving into the sea without you (as my companion), O darling of Sumitrā, I shall repose there. Flaming love will not consume me lying asleep in water as aforesaid (9). That the said lady of charming limbs and myself repose on the selfsame earth is enough (consolation) for me, soliciting as I do her company (desolate that I am) and it will be possible for me to survive on this score (alone) (10). Even as the crop in a field without water remains alive through contact with a field under water, I (too) survive because I hear of her surviving (11).”

भवता is पुंलिङ्गे तृतीया-एकवचनम् of the सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘भवत्’।

(1) भवत् + टा । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्। As per 2-3-32 पृथग्विनानानाभिस्तृतीयान्यतरस्याम्‌ – A third case affix (‘टा’, ‘भ्याम्’, ‘भिस्’) or a fifth case affix (‘ङसिँ’, ‘भ्याम्’, ‘भ्यस्’) or a second case affix (‘अम्’, ‘औट्’, ‘शस्’) is used following a प्रातिपदिकम् (nominal stem) co-occurring with पृथक्, विना or नाना।
In the present example the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘भवत्’ is co-occurring with विना। Therefore it has taken the third case affix ‘टा’।

See question 2.

(2) भवत् + आ = भवता । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-7 चुटू, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः

Questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 2-3-32 पृथग्विनानानाभिस्तृतीयान्यतरस्याम्‌ been used in Chapter Ten of the गीता?

2. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 2-3-32 पृथग्विनानानाभिस्तृतीयान्यतरस्याम्‌ (used in step 1) the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी says – अन्यतरस्यांग्रहणं समुच्चयार्थम्। पञ्चमीद्वितीये चानुवर्तेते। Please explain.

3. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the affix यत् in शक्यम्?

4. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-1-37 समासेऽनञ्पूर्वे क्त्वो ल्यप्‌ been used in the verses?

5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Without your help I would be lost.” Use the neuter प्रातिपदिकम् ‘साहाय्य’ for ‘help’ and the verbal root √नश् (णशँ अदर्शने ४. ९१) for ‘to be lost.’

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Nobody can live without water.”

Easy questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-2-80 अतो येयः been used in the verses?

2. What would be the alternate form for (यत् + शृणोमि =) यच्छृणोमि?


1 Comment

  1. 1. Where has the सूत्रम् 2-3-32 पृथग्विनानानाभिस्तृतीयान्यतरस्याम्‌ been used in Chapter Ten of the गीता?
    Answer: The सूत्रम् 2-3-32 पृथग्विनानानाभिस्तृतीयान्यतरस्याम्‌ has been used in Chapter Ten of the गीता in the form मया (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अस्मद्’, तृतीया-एकवचनम्) in the following verse –
    यच्चापि सर्वभूतानां बीजं तदहमर्जुन |
    न तदस्ति विना यत्स्यान्मया भूतं चराचरम्‌ || 10-39||

    2. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 2-3-32 पृथग्विनानानाभिस्तृतीयान्यतरस्याम्‌ (used in step 1) the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी says – अन्यतरस्यांग्रहणं समुच्चयार्थम्। पञ्चमीद्वितीये चानुवर्तेते। Please explain.
    Answer: The mention of the word अन्यतरस्याम् (in the सूत्रम् 2-3-32) is for the purpose of inclusion (समुच्चयः) of पञ्चमी and द्वितीया which come down as अनुवृत्तिः (from 2-3-28 अपादाने पञ्चमी and 2-3-31 एनपा द्वितीया respectively.)

    3. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the affix यत् in शक्यम्?
    Answer: The सूत्रम् 3-1-99 शकिसहोश्च prescribes the affix यत् in the form शक्यम् (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘शक्य’, नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्) which is an adjective to the word जीवितम् in the verse. Note: As per the सूत्रम् 3-4-70 तयोरेव कृत्यक्तखलर्थाः the affix यत् may be used भावे or कर्मणि। It has been used भावे here.

    Please refer to the following post for the derivation of the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘शक्य’ – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/09/13/शक्यः-mns/

    4. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-1-37 समासेऽनञ्पूर्वे क्त्वो ल्यप्‌ been used in the verses?
    Answer: The सूत्रम् 7-1-37 समासेऽनञ्पूर्वे क्त्वो ल्यप्‌ has been used in the form अवगाह्य – derived from the verbal root √गाह् (गाहूँ विलोडने १.७३६) preceded by the उपसर्गः ‘अव’।

    गाह् + क्त्वा । By 3-4-21 समानकर्तृकयोः पूर्वकाले।
    Note: Here the common agent of the actions अवगाह्य (diving) and स्वप्स्ये (shall repose) is अहम् (श्रीरामः)। The earlier of the two actions is the action of diving which is denoted by ‘अव + गाह्’ and hence takes the affix ‘क्त्वा’/’ल्यप्’।
    = अव गाह् + क्त्वा । ‘गाह् + क्त्वा’ is compounded with ‘अव’ using the सूत्रम् 2-2-18 कुगतिप्रादयः।
    = अव गाह् + ल्यप् । By 7-1-37 समासेऽनञ्पूर्वे क्त्वो ल्यप्‌ – When the affix ‘क्त्वा’ occurs at the end of a compound, it is replaced by ‘ल्यप्’ provided the prior member of the compound is a अव्‍ययम् other than ‘नञ्’ (ref. 2-2-6). The entire term ‘क्त्वा’ is replaced by ‘ल्यप्’ as per the परिभाषा-सूत्रम् 1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित्सर्वस्य।
    Note: As per 1-1-56 स्थानिवदादेशोऽनल्विधौ, the substitution ‘ल्यप्’ (in place of the affix ‘क्त्वा’) inherits the property of being a कित् (having the letter ‘क्’ as a इत्) affix with the designation of कृत् (by 3-1-93 कृदतिङ्) and आर्धधातुकम् (by 3-4-114 आर्धधातुकं शेषः।)
    = अव गाह् + य । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
    Note: Since the affix ‘य’ begins with the letter ‘य्’ (which does not belong to the प्रत्याहार: ‘वल्’) it cannot take the augment ‘इट्’ prescribed the सूत्रम् 7-2-35 आर्धधातुकस्येड् वलादेः।
    = अवगाह्य ।
    ‘अवगाह्य’ gets the प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च and अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-40 क्त्वातोसुन्कसुनः।

    5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
    “Without your help I would be lost.” Use the neuter प्रातिपदिकम् ‘साहाय्य’ for ‘help’ and the verbal root √नश् (णशँ अदर्शने ४. ९१) for ‘to be lost.’
    Answer: तव साहाय्यम्/साहाय्येन/साहाय्यात् विना नश्येयम् = तव साहाय्यं/साहाय्येन/साहाय्याद् विना नश्येयम् ।

    6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
    “Nobody can live without water.”
    Answer: जलम्/जलेन/जलात् विना न कः अपि जीवेत् = जलं/जलेन/जलाद् विना न कोऽपि जीवेत् ।

    Easy questions:

    1. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-2-80 अतो येयः been used in the verses?
    Answer: The सूत्रम् 7-2-80 अतो येयः has been used in the form दहेत् -derived from the verbal root √दह् (दहँ भस्मीकरणे १. ११४६). As per 7-2-80 अतो येयः – When the term ‘यास्’ of a सार्वधातुकम् affix follows a अङ्गम् ending in the letter ‘अ’, then it is substituted by ‘इय्’।

    Please see answer to question 4 in the following comment for derivation – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/06/07/अघानि-3ps-लुँङ्/#comment-3814

    2. What would be the alternate form for (यत् + शृणोमि =) यच्छृणोमि?
    Answer: The alternate form for (यत् + शृणोमि =) यच्छृणोमि is यच्शृणोमि

    यत् + शृणोमि
    = यच् + शृणोमि । By 8-4-40 स्तोः श्चुना श्चु:।
    = यच् + छृणोमि/शृणोमि । By 8-4-63 शश्छोऽटि – When a झय् letter precedes, then the letter ‘श्’ is optionally substituted by the letter ‘छ्’, if a अट् letter follows. Note: In the case where the substitution ‘छ्’ is not done we get the second form यच्शृणोमि ।
    = यच्छृणोमि/यच्शृणोमि ।

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