Today we will look at the form सहस्रकृत्वः-ind. from श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता Bg11-39.
वायुर्यमोऽग्निर्वरुणः शशाङ्कः प्रजापतिस्त्वं प्रपितामहश्च ।
नमो नमस्तेऽस्तु सहस्रकृत्वः पुनश्च भूयोऽपि नमो नमस्ते ।। ११-३९ ।।
Gita Press translation “You are Vāyu (the wind-god), Yama (the god of death), Agni (the god of fire), Varuṇa (the god of water), the moon-god, Brahmā (the Lord of creation), nay, the father of Brahmā himself. Hail, hail to You a thousand times; salutations, repeated salutations to You once again.”
“सहस्रकृत्वस्” is formed from adding कृत्वसुँच्-प्रत्ययः to the संख्या-वाचक-शब्दः “सहस्र”, using the सूत्रम् 5-4-17 संख्यायाः क्रियाऽभ्यावृत्तिगणने कृत्वसुच्।
‘सहस्रकृत्वस्’ gets प्रातिपदिकसञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टा… mandates the प्रत्ययाः सुँ, औ, जस् etc. after the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सहस्रकृत्वस्’।
By 1-1-38 तद्धितश्चासर्वविभक्तिः, the words ending in a तद्धित-प्रत्यय:, after which it is not possible to introduce all of the सुँप्-affixes, are also designated as indeclinables. Since ‘सहस्रकृत्वस्’ is an अव्ययम्, it will only take the default सुँ-प्रत्यय:।
(1) सहस्रकृत्वस् + सुँ ।
(2) सहस्रकृत्वस् । By 2-4-82 अव्ययादाप्सुपः, the feminine affix आप् and सुँप् affixes that are prescribed after an अव्ययम् take the लुक् elision. “सहस्रकृत्वस्” gets पद-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-62 प्रत्ययलोपे प्रत्ययलक्षणम्, 1-4-14 सुप्तिङन्तं पदम्।
(3) सहस्रकृत्व: । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ – 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।
Questions:
1. Why does the कृत्वसुँच्-प्रत्ययः only apply to numbers from “पञ्चन्” (five) onwards?
2. Why doesn’t the गकार: in the word अग्नि: becomes an अनुनासिक: (ङकार:) by 8-4-45 यरोऽनुनासिकेऽनुनासिको वा? (Which condition is not satisfied?)
3. In commenting on the सूत्रम् 1-1-38 तद्धितश्चासर्वविभक्तिः, the तत्त्वबोधिनी says “तद्धितः किम्? एकः। द्वौ। त्रयः।” Please explain.
4. Which one of the following does not come under the domain of 1-1-38 तद्धितश्चासर्वविभक्तिः?
a) अत:
b) यत्र
c) पुन:
d) तदा
5. From which सूत्रम् up to which सूत्रम् does पाणिनि: run the “तद्धिताः” अधिकार: in the अष्टाध्यायी? The “तद्धिताः” अधिकार: is contained within which अधिकार:?
6. By which सूत्रम् does “नमस्” get the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा?
7. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Salutations to the God, by whom this universe was created.” Use the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् “निर्मित” for “was created.”
8. Please list the four synonyms of the word “वरुण:” (प्रातिपदिकम् “वरुण” masculine, meaning “presiding deity of the ocean and the western quarter”) as given in the अमरकोश:।
प्रचेता वरुणः पाशी यादसांपतिरप्पतिः ।।१-१-६१।।
(इति पञ्च “वरुणस्य” नामानि)
Easy questions:
1. Which terms used in the verse have the घि-सञ्ज्ञा? (Ref. 1-4-7 शेषो घ्यसखि)।
2. Please do पदच्छेद: of वायुर्यमोऽग्निर्वरुणः and mention the relevant rules.
Questions:
1. Why does the कृत्वसुँच्-प्रत्ययः only apply to numbers from “पञ्चन्” (five) onwards?
Answer: 5-4-18 द्वित्रिचतुर्भ्यः सुच्, prescribes the सुँच्-प्रत्ययः to “द्वि”, “त्रि” and “चतुर्” to give the forms “द्विः (द्विस्)”, “त्रिः (त्रिस्)” and “चतुः (चतुर्)” which mean “twice”, “thrice” and “four times” respectively. And by 5-4-19 एकस्य सकृच्च, “एक” gets सकृत्-आदेशः when सुँच्-प्रत्ययः is added to give the form “सकृत्” meaning “once.”
5-4-18 and 5-4-19 are अपवादौ to 5-4-17 संख्यायाः क्रियाऽभ्यावृत्तिगणने कृत्वसुच्। Thus 5-4-17 only applies for numbers starting with five (“पञ्चन्”) giving the forms पञ्चकृत्व: etc.
2. Why doesn’t the गकार: in the word अग्नि: becomes an अनुनासिक: (ङकार:) by 8-4-45 यरोऽनुनासिकेऽनुनासिको वा? (Which condition is not satisfied?)
Answer: According to 8-4-45 यरोऽनुनासिकेऽनुनासिको वा when a nasal sound follows, then a यर् letter at the end of a पदम् is optionally substituted by a nasal. In the word अग्नि: the गकारः is a यर् letter but it is not at the end of a पदम्। That is why it cannot be substituted by an अनुनासिक: (ङकार:)।
3. In commenting on the सूत्रम् 1-1-38 तद्धितश्चासर्वविभक्तिः, the तत्त्वबोधिनी says “तद्धितः किम्? एकः। द्वौ। त्रयः।” Please explain.
Answer: “तद्धितः किम्?” means – why has पाणिनि: specified “तद्धितः” in the सूत्रम् 1-1-38 तद्धितश्चासर्वविभक्तिः। What would be the problem if पाणिनि: had not said “तद्धितः”? Consider the प्रातिपदिकम् “एक”। By its very nature, “एक” is declined only in the singular. So it satisfies the condition of असर्वविभक्तिः, because it cannot take all the 21 case endings. But “एक” does not have a तद्धित-प्रत्यय: in it. If पाणिनि: had not specified “तद्धितः” then even “एक” would start qualifying for the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा, which in turn would invoke 2-4-82 अव्ययादाप्सुपः giving undesirable forms. By specifying “तद्धितः” in 1-1-38, पाणिनि: prevents “एक” from getting the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा।
Similarly “द्वि” by its very nature is declined only in the dual and “त्रि” only in the plural. These also don’t get the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा because they don’t have any तद्धित-प्रत्यय:।
4. Which one of the following does not come under the domain of 1-1-38 तद्धितश्चासर्वविभक्तिः?
a) अत:
b) यत्र
c) पुन:
d) तदा
Answer: c) पुन:
As for the others,
a) अत: is formed using the तद्धित-प्रत्यय: “तसिँल्” by 5-3-7 पञ्चम्यास्तसिल्।
b) यत्र is formed using the तद्धित-प्रत्यय: “त्रल्” by 5-3-10 सप्तम्यास्त्रल्।
d) तदा is formed using the तद्धित-प्रत्यय: “दा” by 5-3-15 सर्वैकान्यकिंयत्तदः काले दा।
5. From which सूत्रम् up to which सूत्रम् does पाणिनि: run the “तद्धिताः” अधिकार: in the अष्टाध्यायी? The “तद्धिताः” अधिकार: is contained within which अधिकार:?
Answer: पाणिनि: runs the “तद्धिताः” अधिकार: in the अष्टाध्यायी from 4-1-76 तद्धिताः to 5-4-160 निष्प्रवाणिश्च (end of chapter 5). “4-1-76 तद्धिताः” अधिकार: is contained within “3-1-1 प्रत्ययः”, “3-1-2 परश्च” अधिकार: which goes till 5-4-160 निष्प्रवाणिश्च (end of chapter 5) and “4-1-1 ङ्याप्प्रातिपदिकात्” अधिकार: which also goes till 5-4-160 निष्प्रवाणिश्च.
6. By which सूत्रम् does “नमस्” get the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा?
Answer: नमस् belongs to the स्वरादि-गणः। Therefore it gets अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-37 स्वरादिनिपातमव्ययम्।
7. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Salutations to the God, by whom this universe was created.” Use the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् “निर्मित” for “was created.”
Answer: येन एतद् विश्वम् निर्मितम् तस्मै देवाय नमस् = येनैतद् विश्वं निर्मितं तस्मै देवाय नम:।
8. Please list the four synonyms of the word “वरुण:” (प्रातिपदिकम् “वरुण” masculine, meaning “presiding deity of the ocean and the western quarter”) as given in the अमरकोश:।
प्रचेता वरुणः पाशी यादसांपतिरप्पतिः ।।१-१-६१।।
(इति पञ्च “वरुणस्य” नामानि)
Answer:
प्रचेता: (प्रातिपदिकम् “प्रचेतस्” masculine)
पाशी (प्रातिपदिकम् “पाशिन्” masculine)
यादसांपति: (प्रातिपदिकम् “यादसांपति” masculine)
अप्पति: (प्रातिपदिकम् “अप्पति” masculine)
Easy questions:
1. Which terms used in the verse have the घि-सञ्ज्ञा? (Ref. 1-4-7 शेषो घ्यसखि)।
Answer: The प्रातिपदिकम् “वायु” used in वायुः, प्रातिपदिकम् “अग्नि” used in अग्निः, get the घि-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-7 शेषो घ्यसखि ।
प्रातिपदिकम् “प्रजापति” used in प्रजापति: gets the घि-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-7 शेषो घ्यसखि, 1-4-8 पतिः समास एव।
2. Please do पदच्छेद: of वायुर्यमोऽग्निर्वरुणः and mention the relevant rules.
Answer: The पदच्छेद: is वायुः + यमः + अग्निः + वरुणः।
वायुस् + यमस् + अग्निस् + वरुणः।
वायुर् + यमर् + अग्निर् + वरुणः । by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः, 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् , 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः ।
वायुर् + यम उ + अग्निर् + वरुणः। by 6-1-113 अतो रोरप्लुतादप्लुते ।
वायुर् + यमो + अग्निर् + वरुणः । by 6-1-87 आद्गुणः ।
वायुर् + यमोऽग्निर् + वरुणः। by 6-1-109 एङः पदान्तादति ।
वायुर्यमोऽग्निर्वरुणः।