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अहः nNs

Today we will look at the form अहः from श्रीमद्वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् ।

त्वरते कार्यकालो मे अहश्चाप्यतिवर्तते |
प्रतिज्ञा च मया दत्ता न स्थातव्यमिहान्तरा || ५-१-१३१||

Gita Press translation “The time allotted to my duty (of leaping across the sea and tracing out Sītā) is hastening me. The day too is passing. Nay, the plighted word has been given by me (to my fellow monkeys) to the effect that I should not tarry here midway.”

The नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अहन्’ gets प्रातिपदिकसञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-45 अर्थवदधातुरप्रत्ययः प्रातिपदिकम्। The विवक्षा here is प्रथमा-एकवचनम्। 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टा… mandates the प्रत्ययाः सुँ, औ, जस् etc. after the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अहन्’।

(1) अहन् + सुँ ।

(2) अहन् । By 7-1-23 स्वमोर्नपुंसकात्‌, since the affix सुँ follows the neuter अङ्गम् “अहन्”, it takes the लुक् elision.

(3) अहर् । By 8-2-69 रोऽसुपि, रेफः is substituted for (the ending नकार: of) अहन्, since the सुँ-प्रत्ययः has taken लुक् ।

(4) अहः । विसर्ग-आदेशः by 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः

Questions:

1. 8-2-69 रोऽसुपि is an अपवाद: for which सूत्रम्?

2. What kind of प्रतिषेध: (पर्युदास-प्रतिषेध: or प्रसज्य-प्रतिषेध:) is indicated by the term “असुपि” in the सूत्रम् 8-2-69 रोऽसुपि?

3. Where is the word अहः used in Chapter 8 of the गीता? Is it प्रथमा-एकवचनम् or द्वितीया-एकवचनम्?

4. Can you spot a place in the verse where a सन्धि-कार्यम् has not been done?

5. Where has the टा-प्रत्यय: been used?

6. What will be the प्रथमा/द्वितीया-द्विवचनम् form of the अहन्-प्रातिपदिकम्?

7. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“In one month (there are) thirty days. In one day (there are) twenty-four hours.” Use the feminine प्रातिपदिकम् “त्रिंशत्” (declined singular) for “thirty”, the feminine प्रातिपदिकम् “चतुर्विंशति” (declined singular) for “twenty-four” and the feminine प्रातिपदिकम् “होरा” for “hour.”

8. Please list the four synonyms for the word “अह:” (प्रातिपदिकम् “अहन्” neuter, meaning “day”) as given in the अमरकोश:।
घस्रो दिनाऽहनी वा तु क्लीबे दिवसवासरौ ।।१-४-२।।
(इति पञ्च “दिनस्य” नामानि)

Easy questions:

1. Please do पदच्छेद: of अहश्च and mention the relevant rules.

2. Which सूत्रम् was used to get च + अपि = चापि? Which one for अपि + अतिवर्तते = अप्यतिवर्तते?


1 Comment

  1. Questions:
    1. 8-2-69 रोऽसुपि is an अपवाद: for which सूत्रम्?
    Answer: 8-2-69 रोऽसुपि is an अपवाद: for 8-2-68 अहन् – रुँ is substituted for (the ending नकार: of) अहन्, when it has the पद-सञ्ज्ञा।

    2. What kind of प्रतिषेध: (पर्युदास-प्रतिषेध: or प्रसज्य-प्रतिषेध:) is indicated by the term “असुँपि” in the सूत्रम् 8-2-69 रोऽसुपि?
    Answer: “असुँपि” is interpreted as a प्रसज्य-प्रतिषेधः। 8-2-69 रोऽसुपि substitutes रेफः for (the ending नकार: of) अहन् when not followed by a सुँप्-प्रत्यय:।
    If we take “असुँपि” as a पर्युदास-प्रतिषेध: then it would mean “(8-2-69 applies) when a प्रत्यय:, which is not a सुँप्-प्रत्यय:, follows.” This will not give us the desired forms. For example, consider the case where अहन् (to be declined प्रथमा-एकवचनम्) is followed by word like गच्छति। Here (after applying 7-1-23 स्वमोर्नपुंसकात्‌) there will be no प्रत्यय: following अहन् at all. So 8-2-69 रोऽसुपि wouldn’t apply, and we would have the undesired form अहो गच्छति
    Taking “असुँपि” as a प्रसज्य-प्रतिषेध: means that 8-2-69 रोऽसुपि will apply as long as a सुँप्-प्रत्यय: is not following. So there may be प्रत्यय: following which is not a सुँप्, or there may be no प्रत्यय: following at all.
    This allows us to apply 8-2-69 रोऽसुपि and get the correct form अहर्गच्छति।

    3. Where is the word अहः used in Chapter 8 of the गीता? Is it प्रथमा-एकवचनम् or द्वितीया-एकवचनम्?
    Answer:
    सहस्रयुगपर्यन्तमहर्यद्‌ ब्रह्मणो विदुः | Here it is प्रथमा-एकवचनम्। (According to some, it is द्वितीया-एकवचनम्)।
    रात्रिं युगसहस्रान्तां तेऽहोरात्रविदो जनाः || 8-17||

    अग्निर्ज्योतिरहः शुक्लः षण्मासा उत्तरायणम्‌ | Here it is प्रथमा-एकवचनम्।
    तत्र प्रयाता गच्छन्ति ब्रह्म ब्रह्मविदो जनाः || 8-24||

    4. Can you spot a place in the verse where a सन्धि-कार्यम् has not been done?
    Answer: Between मे and अहः, सन्धि-कार्यम् has not been done (probably to fit the meter.) As per the rules of grammar, 6-1-109 एङः पदान्तादति should have been applied here to give मेऽह:।

    5. Where has the टा-प्रत्यय: been used?
    Answer: मया। प्रातिपदिकम् “अस्मद्” । तृतीया-विभक्ति: एकवचनम् ।

    6. What will be the प्रथमा/द्वितीया-द्विवचनम् form of the अहन्-प्रातिपदिकम्?
    Answer: अहनी, अह्नी ।
    अहन् + औ/औट् ।
    अहन् + शी । 7-1-19 नपुंसकाच् च – the affixes औ and औट् take शी as their replacement when following a neuter अङ्गम्। The अङ्गम् gets the भ-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-18 यचि भम्।
    अहन् + ई । 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते , 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः ।
    अहनी, अह्नी । 6-4-136 विभाषा ङिश्योः -The अकारः of the अन् in the अङ्गम् when a स्वादि-प्रत्यय: that follows is not सर्वनामस्थानम् and which either begins with a यकारः or a vowel (अच्), is elided only optionally when the प्रत्यय: that is following is “ङि” or “शी”।

    7. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
    “In one month (there are) thirty days. In one day (there are) twenty-four hours.” Use the feminine प्रातिपदिकम् “त्रिंशत्” (declined singular) for “thirty”, the feminine प्रातिपदिकम् “चतुर्विंशति” (declined singular) for “twenty-four” and the feminine प्रातिपदिकम् “होरा” for “hour.”
    Answer: एकस्मिन् मासे त्रिंशत् अहानि। एकस्मिन् अहनि/अह्नि चतुर्विंशतिः होराः = एकस्मिन् मासे त्रिंशदहानि। एकस्मिन्नहनि/एकस्मिन्नह्नि चतुर्विंशतिर्होराः।
    Note: For the सन्धि: between एकस्मिन् + अहनि/अह्नि, the सूत्रम् 8-3-32 ङमो ह्रस्वादचि ङमुण्नित्यम् has been applied to give एकस्मिन्नहनि/एकस्मिन्नह्नि।

    8. Please list the four synonyms for the word “अह:” (प्रातिपदिकम् “अहन्” neuter, meaning “day”) as given in the अमरकोश:।
    घस्रो दिनाऽहनी वा तु क्लीबे दिवसवासरौ ।।१-४-२।।
    (इति पञ्च “दिनस्य” नामानि)
    Answer: 1. घस्र: (प्रातिपदिकम् “घस्र” masculine)
    2. दिनम् (प्रातिपदिकम् “दिन” neuter)*
    3. दिवस:/दिवसम् (प्रातिपदिकम् “दिवस” masculine/neuter)
    4. वासर:/वासरम् (प्रातिपदिकम् “वासर” masculine/neuter)

    * According to some, “दिन” can be masculine also.

    Easy questions:
    1. Please do पदच्छेद: of अहश्च and mention the relevant rules.
    Answer: अहश्च = अहस् + च (अहः + च )।
    अहस् + च ।
    अहरुँ + च । By 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः ।
    अहः + च । By 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् , 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः , 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः ।
    अहस् + च । By 8-3-34 विसर्जनीयस्य सः।
    अहश्च । By 8-4-40 स्तोः श्चुना श्चुः ।

    2. Which सूत्रम् was used to get च + अपि = चापि? Which one for अपि + अतिवर्तते = अप्यतिवर्तते?
    Answer: 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः and 6-1-77 इको यणचि।

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