Home » Example for the day » अष्टचत्वारिंशत् fNs

अष्टचत्वारिंशत् fNs

Today we will look at the form अष्टचत्वारिंशत्  fNs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 9.21.4.

वियद्वित्तस्य ददतो लब्धं लब्धं बुभुक्षतः । निष्किञ्चनस्य धीरस्य सकुटुम्बस्य सीदतः ।। ९-२१-३ ।।
व्यतीयुरष्टचत्वारिंशदहान्यपिबतः किल । घृतपायससंयावं तोयं प्रातरुपस्थितम् ।। ९-२१-४ ।।
कृच्छ्रप्राप्तकुटुम्बस्य क्षुत्तृड्भ्यां जातवेपथोः । अतिथिर्ब्राह्मणः काले भोक्तुकामस्य चागमत् ।। ९-२१-५ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
वियद्वित्तस्य वियतो गगनादिवोद्यमं विना दैवादुपस्थितमेव वित्तं भोग्यं यस्य । यद्वा वियद्व्ययं प्राप्नुवद्वित्तं भोग्यं यस्य । तदेवाह – बुभुक्षतोऽपि सतो लब्धं लब्धं ददतः । तत्प्रपञ्चयति – निष्किंचनस्येत्यादिसार्धैः पञ्चदशभिः ।। ३ ।। अपिबतो जलपानमप्यकुर्वतः । घृतादित्रयाणां द्वन्द्वैक्यम् । तोयं च ।। ४ ।। ५ ।।

The above verses have previously appeared in the following post – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2016/04/11/घृतपायससंयावम्-nns/

Gita Press translation – In the case of Rantideva, who subsisted on whatever was obtained without any effort and who, though feeling hungry (himself), gave away all that was got, and was thus rendered (utterly) destitute (having no provision even for the evening much less for the next day), and therefore suffering terrible hardship, along with his family – who were reduced to (great) straits – (nay), trembling due to (excessive) hunger and thirst, yet calm, passed (not less than) forty-eight days – so the tradition goes – without his taking (even) water. In the morning (of the forty-ninth day) there came to him (by chance) ghee, rice cooked in milk with sugar, Saṁyāva (a kind of porridge made of wheat flour with ghee and milk), as well as water. And when he was intending to partake of it, there arrived, at that (very) time, a newcomer in the person of a Brāhmaṇa (3-5).

(1) अष्टौ/अष्ट च चत्वारिंशच्च = अष्टचत्वारिंशत्/अष्टाचत्वारिंशत् – (Eight + forty =) forty-eight.

(2) अष्टन् जस् + चत्वारिंशत् सुँ । By 2-2-29 चार्थे द्वन्द्वः – Two or more terms having the designation पदम् and standing in a relation expressible by ‘च’ (‘and’) may optionally compound to yield a compound called द्वन्द्वः।

(3) अष्टन् जस् + चत्वारिंशत् सुँ । Note: Since ‘अष्टन् जस्’ denotes a smaller number (compared to ‘चत्वारिंशत् सुँ’) it is placed in the prior position as per the वार्तिकम् (under 2-2-34 अल्पाच्तरम्‌) सङ्ख्याया अल्पीयस्याः पूर्वनिपातो वक्तव्यः – In a compound the term which denotes a smaller number is placed in the prior position.

Note: ‘अष्टन् जस् + चत्वारिंशत् सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.

(4) अष्टन् + चत्वारिंशत् । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्। Note: Now ‘अष्टन्’ has the पद-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-14 सुप्तिङन्तं पदम् with the help of 1-1-62 प्रत्ययलोपे प्रत्ययलक्षणम्। This allows 8-2-7 to apply in step 6.

(5) अष्टाचत्वारिंशत् । By 6-3-47 द्व्यष्टनः संख्यायामबहुव्रीह्यशीत्योः – When followed by the final member of a compound, (the final letter of) the term ‘द्वि’ as well as ‘अष्टन्’ takes the substitution ‘आ’ provided the compound is not a बहुव्रीहि: compound and the final member of the compound denotes a number other than ‘अशीति’।
Note: As per the परिभाषा-सूत्रम् 1-1-52 अलोऽन्त्यस्य, only the ending letter (of ‘द्वि’/’अष्टन्’) is replaced by ‘आ’।

As per the सूत्रम् 6-3-49 विभाषा चत्वारिंशत्प्रभृतौ सर्वेषाम् – The substitution ‘आ’ (in place of ‘द्वि’/’अष्टन्’) prescribed by the सूत्रम् 6-3-47 as well as the substitution ‘त्रयस्’ (in place of ‘त्रि’) prescribed by the सूत्रम् 6-3-48 is only optional in those compounds whose final members denote numbers forty or greater.

In the case where the substitution ‘आ’ (by 6-3-47) is not done, we get –

(6) अष्टन् + चत्वारिंशत् = अष्टचत्वारिंशत् । By 8-2-7 नलोपः प्रातिपदिकान्तस्य – The ending letter ‘न्’ of a पदम् is dropped when the पदम् also has the designation प्रातिपदिकम्।

Note: As a convention in the language, numbers from विंशति: (twenty) up to नवति: (ninety) – as well as compound numbers ending in these numbers – are always used in the feminine (even when they’re adjectives to non-feminine terms.) They are used in the singular except when used as just numbers (not adjectives) they may be used in the dual/plural also.
For example – विंशतिर्नरा: = twenty men, विंशतिर्नार्य: = twenty women, विंशति: कुटुम्बानि = twenty families, नवनवतिर्नरा: = ninety-nine men, नवनवतिर्नार्य: = ninety-nine women, नवनवति: कुटुम्बानि = ninety-nine families. (नराणां/नारीणां/कुटुम्बानां) विंशति: = twenty (of men/women/families), (नराणां/नारीणां/कुटुम्बानां) द्वे विंशती = two twenties (of men/women/families) = forty (of men/women/families), (नराणां/नारीणां/कुटुम्बानां) तिस्रो विंशतय: = three twenties (of men/women/families) = sixty (of men/women/families) etc.

The विवक्षा is प्रथमा।

(7) अष्टाचत्वारिंशत्/अष्टचत्वारिंशत् + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्‌

(8) अष्टाचत्वारिंशत्/अष्टचत्वारिंशत् + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(9) अष्टाचत्वारिंशत्/अष्टचत्वारिंशत् । By 6-1-68 हल्ङ्याब्भ्यो दीर्घात्‌ सुतिस्यपृक्तं हल् – A single letter affix ‘सुँ’, ‘ति’ or ‘सि’ is dropped following a base ending in a consonant or in the long feminine affix ‘ङी’ or ‘आप्’।

Questions:

1. What is the विग्रह: of the compound वियद्वित्तस्य (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘वियद्वित्त’, पुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी-एकवचनम्) used in the verses?

2. What is the alternate form for the compound सकुटुम्बस्य used in the verses?

3. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-4-40 द्यतिस्यतिमास्थामित्ति किति been used in the verses?

4. In which word(s) in the verses has the substitution ‘शतृँ’ (in place of the affix ‘लँट्’) been used?

5. Which सूत्रम् justifies the use of a second case affix in the form उद्यमम् used in the commentary?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“I am not the only one studying grammar. Forty-eight other students also study grammar with me.” Use the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् ‘केवल’ for ‘only one.’

Easy questions:

1. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the गुण: substitution (‘ओ’) in the form जातवेपथोः (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘जातवेपथु’, पुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी-एकवचनम्) used in the verses?

2. Why doesn’t the सूत्रम् 7-1-9 अतो भिस ऐस् apply in the form पञ्चदशभिः (used in the commentary)?


1 Comment

  1. 1. What is the विग्रह: of the compound वियद्वित्तस्य (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘वियद्वित्त’, पुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी-एकवचनम्) used in the verses?
    Answer: As shown in the commentary, the विग्रह: of the compound वियद्वित्तस्य may be stated in two ways –

    i. वियतः (गगनादिवोद्यमं विना दैवादुपस्थितमेव) वित्तं (भोग्यं) यस्य सः = वियद्वित्तः – one whose wealth (object of enjoyment) is from the sky i.e. obtained purely by chance without any effort
    The derivation is as follows –
    वियत् ङसिँ + वित्त सुँ । The पदम् ‘वियत् ङसिँ’ which ends in the fifth case is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-35 सप्तमीविशेषणे बहुव्रीहौ (by extension.)
    Note: Since all the members of this compound do not end in the nominative case, it is a व्यधिकरण-बहुव्रीहिः। Hence we cannot use the सूत्रम् 2-2-24 अनेकमन्यपदार्थे to justify the formation of this compound because that सूत्रम् only prescribes compounding of terms (having the designation पदम् and) ending in the nominative case. अत एव ज्ञापकाद्व्यधिकरणपदो बहुव्रीहिः – But the सूत्रम् 2-2-35 itself serves as an indication (ज्ञापकम्) that a बहुव्रीहिः compound may be formed using terms that do not have समानाधिकरणम् (same locus) and hence do not all end in the nominative case. Otherwise – if व्यधिकरणपदो बहुव्रीहिः were not allowed – there would be no point in mentioning ‘सप्तमी’ in the सूत्रम् 2-2-35 सप्तमीविशेषणे बहुव्रीहौ।
    Note: ‘वियत् ङसिँ + वित्त सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.
    = वियत् + वित्त । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः।
    = वियद्वित्त । By 8-4-53 झलां जश् झशि।

    ii. वियद् (व्ययं प्राप्नुवद्) वित्तं (भोग्यं) यस्य सः = वियद्वित्तः – one whose wealth (object of enjoyment) is void (vanishing)
    The derivation is as follows –
    वियत् सुँ + वित्त सुँ । By 2-2-24 अनेकमन्यपदार्थे।
    The adjective ‘वियत् सुँ’ is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-35 सप्तमीविशेषणे बहुव्रीहौ।
    Note: ‘वियत् सुँ + वित्त सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.
    = वियत् + वित्त । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः।
    = वियद्वित्त । By 8-4-53 झलां जश् झशि।

    The gender of a बहुव्रीहि: compound matches that of which it qualifies. In the present example ’वियद्वित्त’ is qualifying the masculine noun ’रन्तिदेव’। Hence we assign the masculine gender to the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ’वियद्वित्त’। It declines like राम-शब्द:। षष्ठी-एकवचनम् is वियद्वित्तस्य।

    2. What is the alternate form for the compound सकुटुम्बस्य used in the verses?
    Answer: Alternate form for the compound सकुटुम्बस्य is सहकुटुम्बस्य (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सहकुटुम्ब’, पुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी-एकवचनम्)।
    कुटुम्बेन सह (ससाद रन्तिदेवः) = सहकुटुम्बः/सकुटुम्बः (ससाद रन्तिदेवः) – (Rantideva) along with (his) family (was suffering terrible hardship)
    Note: The third case affix used in कुटुम्बेन is as per the सूत्रम् 2-3-19 सहयुक्तेऽप्रधाने।

    सह + कुटुम्ब टा । As per the सूत्रम् 2-2-28 तेन सहेति तुल्ययोगे।
    As per 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम्, the term सह gets the designation उपसर्जनम् because in the सूत्रम् 2-2-28 (which prescribes the compounding) the term सह ends in the nominative case. And hence as per 2-2-30 उपसर्जनं पूर्वम्‌ the term सह is placed in the prior position in the compound.
    Note: ‘सह + कुटुम्ब टा’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः to apply in the next step.
    = सह + कुटुम्ब । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः।
    = सहकुटुम्ब/सकुटुम्ब । By 6-3-82 वोपसर्जनस्य – When it is a part of a बहुव्रीहि: compound the indeclinable सह is optionally replaced by ‘स’। Note: As per the परिभाषा-सूत्रम् 1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित्सर्वस्य the entire term सह is replaced by ‘स’।

    The gender of a बहुव्रीहि: compound matches that of which it qualifies. In the present example ’सहकुटुम्ब/सकुटुम्ब’ is qualifying the masculine noun ’रन्तिदेव’। Hence we assign the masculine gender to the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ’सहकुटुम्ब/सकुटुम्ब’। It declines like राम-शब्द:। षष्ठी-एकवचनम् is सहकुटुम्बस्य/सकुटुम्बस्य।

    3. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-4-40 द्यतिस्यतिमास्थामित्ति किति been used in the verses?
    Answer: The सूत्रम् 7-4-40 द्यतिस्यतिमास्थामित्ति किति has been used in the form उपस्थितम् (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘उपस्थित’, नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्) – derived from the verbal root √स्था (ष्ठा गतिनिवृत्तौ १. १०७७).

    Please see the following post for the derivation of the form प्रातिपदिकम् ‘स्थित’–
    http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/12/12/स्थितः-mns

    उप + स्थित । ‘स्थित’ is compounded with the उपसर्गः ‘उप’ using the सूत्रम् 2-2-18 कुगतिप्रादयः।
    = उपस्थित । ‘उपस्थित’ gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च।

    4. In which word(s) in the verses has the substitution ‘शतृँ’ (in place of the affix ‘लँट्’) been used?
    Answer: The substitution ‘शतृँ’ (in place of the affix ‘लँट्’) has been used in the following words – ददतः (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘ददत्’, पुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी-एकवचनम्), बुभुक्षतः (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘बुभुक्षत्’, पुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी-एकवचनम्), सीदतः (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सीदत्’, पुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी-एकवचनम्) and अपिबतः (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अपिबत्’, पुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी-एकवचनम्)।

    i. The form ददतः is derived from the verbal root √दा (डुदाञ् दाने ३. १०) as follows –
    दा + लँट् । By 3-2-123 वर्तमाने लट्।
    = दा + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
    = दा + शतृँ । By 3-2-124 लटः शतृशानचावप्रथमासमानाधिकरणे – The affix ‘लँट्’ is replaced by ‘शतृँ’/’शानच्’ as long as the derived word is in agreement with (has the same reference as) a word which ends in a nominal ending other than the nominative.
    Note: The verbal root √दा is a उभयपदी। As per 1-4-99 लः परस्मैपदम्, ‘शतृँ’ has the परस्मैपद-सञ्ज्ञा while as per 1-4-100 तङानावात्मनेपदम्, ‘शानच्’ has the आत्मनेपद-सञ्ज्ञा। Here the verbal root √दा has taken the परस्मैपदम् affix ‘शतृँ’।
    = दा + अत् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
    = दा + शप् + अत् । By 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्‌।
    = दा + अत् । By 2-4-75 जुहोत्यादिभ्यः श्लुः।
    = दा + दा + अत् । By 6-1-10 श्लौ।
    = द + दा + अत् । By 7-4-59 ह्रस्वः।
    = द + द् + अत् । By 6-4-112 श्नाभ्यस्तयोरातः। Note: Since the सार्वधातुकम् affix ‘अत्’ is अपित् (does not have the letter ‘प्’ a इत्), by 1-2-4 सार्वधातुकम् अपित् it behaves ङिद्वत् – as if it has the letter ‘ङ्’ as इत्। This allows 6-4-112 to apply.
    = ददत् ।

    ii. The form बुभुक्षतः used in the verses is आर्ष: (grammatically irregular.) The grammatically correct form is बुभुक्षमाणस्य (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘बुभुक्षमाण’, पुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी-एकवचनम्)।
    The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘बुभुक्षमाण’ is derived from the desiderative form of the verbal root √भुज् (भुजँ पालनाभ्यवहारयोः ७. १७). Please see the answer to question 3 in the following comment for the derivation of the form बुभुक्षमाणस्य – https://avg-sanskrit.org/2016/04/11/घृतपायससंयावम्-nns/#comment-36310

    iii. The प्रातिपदिकम् ’सीदत्’ is derived from the verbal root √सद् (षद्ऌँ विशरणगत्यवसादनेषु १. ९९०, ६. १६३) as follows –
    सद् + लँट् । By 3-2-123 वर्तमाने लट्।
    = सद् + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
    = सद् + शतृँ । By 3-2-124 लटः शतृशानचावप्रथमासमानाधिकरणे – The affix ‘लँट्’ is replaced by ‘शतृँ’/’शानच्’ as long as the derived word is in agreement with (has the same reference as) a word which ends in a nominal ending other than the nominative.
    Note: Since the verbal root √सद् is devoid of any indications for bringing in a आत्मनेपदम् affix, it takes a परस्मैपदम् affix as per 1-3-78 शेषात् कर्तरि परस्मैपदम्। As per 1-4-99 लः परस्मैपदम्, ‘शतृँ’ has the परस्मैपद-सञ्ज्ञा while as per 1-4-100 तङानावात्मनेपदम्, ‘शानच्’ has the आत्मनेपद-सञ्ज्ञा। Therefore the verbal root √सद् takes the affix ‘शतृँ’ (and not ‘शानच्’) here.
    = सद् + अत् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
    = सद् + शप् + अत् । By 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्‌।
    = सद् + अ + अत् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
    = सीद + अ + अत् । By 7-3-78 पाघ्राध्मास्थाम्नादाण्दृश्यर्त्तिसर्त्तिशदसदां पिबजिघ्रधमतिष्ठमनयच्छपश्यर्च्छधौशीयसीदाः, 1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित्सर्वस्य।
    = सीदत् । By 6-1-97 अतो गुणे। (applied twice.)

    Note: The above derivation is from the verbal root √सद् (षद्ऌँ विशरणगत्यवसादनेषु १. ९९०). The derivation from the verbal root √सद् (षद्ऌँ विशरणगत्यवसादनेषु ६. १६३) would be similar, except that instead of using the affix ‘शप्’ (prescribed by 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्‌), the affix ‘श’ (prescribed by 3-1-77 तुदादिभ्यः शः) would be used.

    iv. The form अपिबतः is a नञ्-तत्पुरुषः compound explained as न पिबतः = अपिबतः।
    पिबतः is पुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी-एकवचनम् derived from the प्रातिपदिकम् ’पिबत्’। The प्रातिपदिकम् ’पिबत्’ is derived from the verbal root √पा (पा पाने १. १०७४) as follows –
    पा + लँट् । By 3-2-123 वर्तमाने लट्।
    = पा + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
    = पा + शतृँ । By 3-2-124 लटः शतृशानचावप्रथमासमानाधिकरणे – The affix ‘लँट्’ is replaced by ‘शतृँ’/’शानच्’ as long as the derived word is in agreement with (has the same reference as) a word which ends in a nominal ending other than the nominative.
    Note: Since the verbal root √पा is devoid of any indications for bringing in a आत्मनेपदम् affix, it takes a परस्मैपदम् affix as per 1-3-78 शेषात् कर्तरि परस्मैपदम्। As per 1-4-99 लः परस्मैपदम्, ‘शतृँ’ has the परस्मैपद-सञ्ज्ञा while as per 1-4-100 तङानावात्मनेपदम्, ‘शानच्’ has the आत्मनेपद-सञ्ज्ञा। Therefore the verbal root √पा takes the affix ‘शतृँ’ (and not ‘शानच्’) here.
    = पा + अत् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
    = पा + शप् + अत् । By 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्‌।
    = पा + अ + अत् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
    = पिब + अ + अत् । By 7-3-78 पाघ्राध्मास्थाम्नादाण्दृश्यर्त्तिसर्त्तिशदसदां पिबजिघ्रधमतिष्ठमनयच्छपश्यर्च्छधौशीयसीदाः, 1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित्सर्वस्य।
    = पिबत् । By 6-1-97 अतो गुणे। (applied twice.)

    5. Which सूत्रम् justifies the use of a second case affix in the form उद्यमम् used in the commentary?
    Answer: The use of a second case affix in the word उद्यमम् – which is co-occurring with विना – is justified by the सूत्रम् 2-3-32 पृथग्विनानानाभिस्तृतीयान्यतरस्याम्‌ – A third case affix (‘टा’, ‘भ्याम्’, ‘भिस्’) or a fifth case affix (‘ङसिँ’, ‘भ्याम्’, ‘भ्यस्’) or a second case affix (‘अम्’, ‘औट्’, ‘शस्’) is used following a प्रातिपदिकम् (nominal stem) co-occurring with पृथक्, विना or नाना।

    6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
    “I am not the only one studying grammar. Forty-eight other students also study grammar with me.” Use the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् ‘केवल’ for ‘only one.’
    Answer: न केवल: अहम् व्याकरणम् अधीये। अन्ये अपि अष्टाचत्वारिंशत् छात्राः मया सह व्याकरणम् अधीयते। = न केवलोऽहं व्याकरणमधीये। अन्येऽप्यष्टाचत्वारिंशच्छात्रा मया सह व्याकरणमधीयते।
    अथवा –
    न केवल: अहम् व्याकरणम् अधीये। अन्ये अपि अष्टचत्वारिंशत् छात्राः मया सह व्याकरणम् अधीयते। = न केवलोऽहं व्याकरणमधीये। अन्येऽप्यष्टचत्वारिंशच्छात्रा मया सह व्याकरणमधीयते।

    Easy questions:
    1. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the गुण: substitution (‘ओ’) in the form जातवेपथोः (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘जातवेपथु’, पुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी-एकवचनम्) used in the verses?
    Answer: The सूत्रम् 7-3-111 घेर्ङिति prescribes the गुण: substitution (‘ओ’) in the form जातवेपथोः (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘जातवेपथु’, पुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी-एकवचनम्)।
    जातवेपथु + ङस् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्‌। Note: ‘जातवेपथु’ has the घि-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-7 शेषो घ्यसखि। This allows 7-3-111 to apply below.
    = जातवेपथु + अस् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। Note: 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending letter ‘स्’ of the affix ‘ङस्’ from getting the इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।
    = जातवेपथो + अस् । By 7-3-111 घेर्ङिति, when a सुँप् affix which is a ङित् (having the letter ‘ङ्’ as a इत्) follows, then a अङ्गम् having the घि-सञ्ज्ञा takes the गुण: substitution. Note: As per 1-1-52 अलोऽन्त्यस्य, the गुण: substitution takes place for the ending letter (in this case the letter ‘उ’) of the अङ्गम्।
    = जातवेपथोस् । By 6-1-110 ङसिङसोश्च।
    = जातवेपथोः । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।

    2. Why doesn’t the सूत्रम् 7-1-9 अतो भिस ऐस् apply in the form पञ्चदशभिः (used in the commentary)?
    Answer: The सूत्रम् 7-1-9 अतो भिस ऐस् doesn’t apply in the word पञ्चदशभिः because the प्रातिपदिकम् ’पञ्चदशन्’ ends in the letter ‘न्’ and not the letter ‘अ’।
    As per the सूत्रम् 7-1-9 अतो भिस ऐस् – Following a अङ्गम् ending in the letter ‘अ’, the affix ‘भिस्’ is replaced by ‘ऐस्’।

    The विवक्षा is तृतीया-बहुवचनम्।
    पञ्चदशन् + भिस् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्‌। 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending letter ‘स्’ of ‘भिस्’ from getting the इत्-सञ्ज्ञा। The अङ्गम् ‘पञ्चदशन्’ gets the designation पदम् here by 1-4-17 स्वादिष्वसर्वनामस्थाने। This allows 8-2-7 to apply in the next step.
    = पञ्चदश + भिस् । By 8-2-7 नलोपः प्रातिपदिकान्तस्य। The ending letter ‘न्’ of the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘पञ्चदशन्’ is dropped by 8-2-7 नलोपः प्रातिपदिकान्तस्य। Now as per 8-2-1 पूर्वत्रासिद्धम्, this लोपः of the letter ‘न्’ (done by 8-2-7 नलोपः प्रातिपदिकान्तस्य) to arrive at the form ‘पञ्चदश’ is not visible to any prior rule (in the अष्टाध्यायी)।
    Note: 8-2-2 नलोपः सुप्स्वरसंज्ञातुग्विधिषु कृति limits the authority of 8-2-1 and says that the लोपः of the letter ‘न्’ (done by 8-2-7) is not visible only to those rules that are in the four categories mentioned below – others will see the लोपः of the letter ‘न्’।
    The four categories are:
    1. सुँब्विधौ – rules relating to सुँप् affixes
    2. स्वरविधौ – rules relating to accents (in the वेद:)
    3. सञ्ज्ञाविधौ – rules that give names or designations
    4. कृति तुँग्विधौ – rules that prescribe a तुँक् augment in connection with a कृत्-प्रत्यय:।
    Since the सूत्रम् 7-1-9 अतो भिस ऐस् prescribes a सुँब्विधिः, the लोपः of the letter ‘न्’ done by 8-2-7 remains असिद्धः in the eyes of 7-1-9. Hence the सूत्रम् 7-1-9 still sees the अङ्गम् as ‘पञ्चदशन्’ (and not as ‘पञ्चदश’) and hence it cannot apply.
    = पञ्चदशभिः । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।

Leave a comment

Your email address will not be published.

Recent Posts

May 2016
M T W T F S S
 1
2345678
9101112131415
16171819202122
23242526272829
3031  

Topics