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द्यावाभूम्योः fGd

Today we will look at the form द्यावाभूम्योः fGd from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 5.20.43.

अण्डमध्यगतः सूर्यो द्यावाभूम्योर्यदन्तरम् । सूर्याण्डगोलयोर्मध्ये कोट्यः स्युः पञ्चविंशतिः ।। ५-२०-४३ ।।
मृतेऽण्ड एष एतस्मिन्यदभूत्ततो मार्तण्ड इति व्यपदेशः । हिरण्यगर्भ इति यद्धिरण्याण्डसमुद्भवः ।। ५-२०-४४ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
विस्तरेणोक्तं ब्रह्माण्डमानं सर्वतोऽपि निरूपयति । अण्डमध्यगतः । किं तन्मध्यं तदाह । द्यावाभूम्योः पूर्वोत्तरकपालयोर्यदन्तरं मध्यस्थानम् । सर्वतः पञ्चविंशतिकोट्यः ।। ४३ ।। अण्डमध्यावस्थाने कारणं तन्नामनिर्वचनेनाह । मृतेऽचेतने एष सूर्यो वैराजरूपेण यस्मात्प्रविष्टः ।। ४५ ।।

Gita Press translation – (The orb of) the sun is located in the middle of the egg (of this universe), which corresponds to the center of space lying between heaven (the upper shell of the cosmic egg) and earth (the lower shell of the cosmic egg.) The (extent of) space between (the orb of) the sun and (the outer shell of) the cosmic egg (on all sides) is twenty-five crore Yojanas (or two thousand million miles) (43). Because the sun-god appeared in this lifeless (inanimate) egg (as the Cosmic Being), the appellation of Mārtaṇḍa (मृते अण्डे भवः) has been applied to him (ever) since. He is (also) called Hiraṇyagarbha inasmuch as he (as the sun) represents the embryo (located) in (the centre of) the golden egg (of this universe) (44).

(1) द्यौश्च भूमिश्च = द्यावाभूमी – Heaven and earth.

(2) दिव् सुँ + भूमि सुँ । By 2-2-29 चार्थे द्वन्द्वः – Two or more terms having the designation पदम् and standing in a relation expressible by ‘च’ (‘and’) may optionally compound to yield a compound called द्वन्द्वः।

(3) दिव् सुँ + भूमि सुँ । Note: ‘दिव्’ has one syllable while ‘भूमि’ has two syllables. Therefore ‘दिव्’ is placed in the prior position in this द्वन्द्व: compound as per 2-2-34 अल्पाच्तरम्‌ – In a द्वन्द्व: compound the term having the least number of syllables (vowels) is placed in the prior position.

Note: ‘दिव् सुँ + भूमि सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.

(4) दिव् + भूमि । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

(5) द्यावाभूमि । By 6-3-29 दिवो द्यावा – When the final member of the compound follows, in a द्वन्द्व: compound whose terms denote names of deities there is a substitution of ‘द्यावा’ in the place of the term ‘दिव्’। As per 1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित्सर्वस्य, the entire term ‘दिव्’ is replaced by ‘द्यावा’।

As per the सूत्रम् 2-4-26 परवल्लिङ्गं द्वन्द्वतत्पुरुषयोः, the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘द्यावाभूमि’ is feminine since the final member ‘भूमि’ of the compound is feminine. This द्वन्द्वः compound (which expresses इतरेतरयोगः) is dual in number because it has two members. It declines like मति-शब्द:।

The विवक्षा is षष्ठी।

(6) द्यावाभूमि + ओस् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्‌1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending letter ‘स्’ of ‘ओस्’ from getting the इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।

(7) द्यावाभूम्योस् । By 6-1-77 इको यणचि

(8) द्यावाभूम्यो: । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ – 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः

Questions:

1. From which सूत्रम् does the अनुवृत्ति: of देवताद्वन्द्वे come down in to the सूत्रम् 6-3-29 दिवो द्यावा (used in step 5)?

2. Where has the सूत्रम् 2-1-24 द्वितीया श्रितातीतपतितगतात्यस्तप्राप्तापन्नैः been used in the verses?

3. What is the विग्रह: of the compound पञ्चविंशतिः?

4. Which वार्तिकम् justifies the use of a third case affix in the form विस्तरेण used in the commentary?

5. Where has the particle नञ् been used in the commentary?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Lord Vāmana took away heaven and earth from king Bali.” Use the verbal root √हृ (हृञ् हरणे १. १०४६) preceded by the उपसर्गः ‘अप’ for ‘to take away.’

Easy questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 2-4-77 गातिस्थाघुपाभूभ्यः सिचः परस्मैपदेषु been used in the verses?

2. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the elision of the letter ‘अ’ in the form स्युः?


1 Comment

  1. 1. From which सूत्रम् does the अनुवृत्ति: of देवताद्वन्द्वे come down in to the सूत्रम् 6-3-29 दिवो द्यावा (used in step 5)?
    Answer: The अनुवृत्ति: of देवताद्वन्द्वे comes down in to the सूत्रम् 6-3-29 दिवो द्यावा from the सूत्रम् 6-3-26 देवताद्वन्द्वे च।

    2. Where has the सूत्रम् 2-1-24 द्वितीया श्रितातीतपतितगतात्यस्तप्राप्तापन्नैः been used in the verses?
    Answer: The सूत्रम् 2-1-24 द्वितीया श्रितातीतपतितगतात्यस्तप्राप्तापन्नैः has been used in the form अण्डमध्यगतः (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अण्डमध्यगत’, पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्)।
    The compound अण्डमध्यगतः is an adjective qualifying सूर्यः।

    The लौकिक-विग्रह: is
    अण्डमध्यं गतः = अण्डमध्यगतः – located in the middle of the egg (of this universe).
    Derivation of the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अण्डमध्यगत’ is similar to the derivation of the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘देहगत’ as shown in the following post – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2015/01/19/देहगतः-mns/

    Note: The प्रातिपदिकम् ’अण्डमध्य’ itself is a षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः compound, explained as –
    अण्डस्य मध्यम् = अण्डमध्यम् – middle of the egg (of this universe).

    3. What is the विग्रह: of the compound पञ्चविंशतिः?
    Answer: The विग्रह: of the compound पञ्चविंशतिः (स्त्रीलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ’पञ्चविंशति’, प्रथमा-एकवचनम्) is –
    पञ्च च विंशतिश्च = पञ्चविंशतिः – (five + twenty =) twenty-five.

    The अलौकिक-विग्रहः is –
    पञ्चन् जस् + विंशति सुँ । By 2-2-29 चार्थे द्वन्द्वः ।
    The derivation of the compound ’पञ्चविंशति’ is similar to the derivation of the compound ’पञ्चदशन्‘ as shown in the following post – https://avg-sanskrit.org/2016/04/04/पञ्चदशभिः-mip

    As per the सूत्रम् 2-4-26 परवल्लिङ्गं द्वन्द्वतत्पुरुषयोः, the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ’पञ्चविंशति’ is feminine since the latter member ‘विंशति’ of the compound is feminine. It declines like मति-शब्द:। प्रथमा-एकवचनम् is पञ्चविंशतिः।

    4. Which वार्तिकम् justifies the use of a third case affix in the form विस्तरेण used in the commentary?
    Answer: The third case affix occurring in the form विस्तरेण (पुंलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘विस्तर’, तृतीया-एकवचनम्) is justified by the वार्तिकम् (under 2-3-18 कर्तृकरणयोस्तृतीया) प्रकृत्यादिभ्य उपसङ्ख्यानम् – A third case affix (‘टा’, ‘भ्याम्’, ‘भिस्’) is used following the प्रातिपदिकानि (nominal stems) ‘प्रकृति’ etc.

    Note: आकृति-गणोऽयम्। The list ‘प्रकृति’ etc is a आकृति-गण: – which is a class or group of words in which some words are actually mentioned and the room is left to include others which are found undergoing the same operations. So even though ‘विस्तर’ is not specifically listed in the प्रकृत्यादि-गणः, from the usage we have to understand it to be included there.
    In the present example, विस्तरेण (in detail) is an adverb to the action उक्तम् (told.)

    5. Where has the particle नञ् been used in the commentary?
    Answer: The particle नञ् has been used in the form अचेतने (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अचेतन’, नपुंसकलिङ्गे सप्तमी-एकवचनम्)।

    The लौकिक-विग्रहः is –
    अविद्यमाना चेतना यस्य तत् = अचेतनम् (अण्डम्) – inanimate (egg – referring to the Universe).
    Note: The लौकिक-विग्रह: for the compound अचेतनम् may also be stated as नास्ति चेतना यस्य तत्।

    The अलौकिक-विग्रहः is –
    अविद्यमाना सुँ + चेतना सुँ । By 2-2-24 अनेकमन्यपदार्थे।
    Note: The compound ‘अविद्यमाना’ (which is the prior member of the बहुव्रीहि: compound) is a तत्पुरुष: compound formed using the सूत्रम् 2-2-6 नञ्‌। The elision of the letter ‘न्’ is done by the सूत्रम् 6-3-73 नलोपो नञः।
    Note: By 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् – the term ‘अविद्यमाना सुँ’ as well as ‘चेतना सुँ’ gets the designation उपसर्जनम् because in the सूत्रम् 2-2-24 अनेकमन्यपदार्थे (which prescribes the compounding) the term अनेकम् ends in the nominative case. This allows 1-2-48 to apply below.
    The adjective ‘अविद्यमाना सुँ’ is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-35 सप्तमीविशेषणे बहुव्रीहौ।
    Note: ‘अविद्यमाना सुँ + चेतना सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.
    = अविद्यमाना + चेतना । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः।
    = अ + चेतना । By वार्तिकम् (under 2-2-24 अनेकमन्यपदार्थे) नञोऽस्त्यर्थानां वाच्यो वा चोत्तरपदलोपः – A compound पदम् in which the negation particle नञ् is followed by a उत्तर-पदम् (final member) that denotes the sense of ‘exists’ optionally drops this उत्तर-पदम् when it combines with another पदम् to yield a बहुव्रीहि: compound.
    Note: Compounding is already prescribed by the सूत्रम् 2-2-24 itself. It is only for the elision of the उत्तरपदम् (of the compound पूर्वपदम्) that this वार्तिकम् is necessary.
    = अचेतन । By 1-2-48 गोस्त्रियोरुपसर्जनस्य।

    The gender of a बहुव्रीहि: compound matches that of which it qualifies. Since ’अचेतन’ is qualifying the neuter noun ‘अण्ड’, it is used in the neuter here. It declines like वन-शब्द:। सप्तमी-एकवचनम् is अचेतने।

    6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
    “Lord Vāmana took away heaven and earth from king Bali.” Use the verbal root √हृ (हृञ् हरणे १. १०४६) preceded by the उपसर्गः ‘अप’ for ‘to take away.’
    Answer: भगवान् वामनः राज्ञः बलेः द्यावाभूमी अपजहार = भगवान् वामनो राज्ञो बलेर्द्यावाभूमी अपजहार।
    Note: The dual case ending (‘ई’) in the form द्यावाभूमी has the designation प्रगृह्यम् as per the सूत्रम् 1-1-11 ईदूदेद् द्विवचनं प्रगृह्यम्। Therefore there is no सन्धिः operation between द्यावाभूमी and अपजहार as per the सूत्रम् 6-1-125 प्लुतप्रगृह्या अचि नित्यम्।

    Easy questions:
    1. Where has the सूत्रम् 2-4-77 गातिस्थाघुपाभूभ्यः सिचः परस्मैपदेषु been used in the verses?
    Answer: The सूत्रम् 2-4-77 गातिस्थाघुपाभूभ्यः सिचः परस्मैपदेषु has been used in the form अभूत् – derived from the verbal root √भू (भू सत्तायाम् १. १).

    Please see the following post for the derivation of the form अभूत् –
    http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/04/16/अभूत्-3as-लुँङ्-2/

    2. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the elision of the letter ‘अ’ in the form स्युः?
    Answer: The सूत्रम् 6-4-111 श्नसोरल्लोपः prescribes the elision of the letter ‘अ’ in the form स्युः – derived from the verbal root √अस् (असँ भुवि २. ६०).

    Please see the answer to question 4 in the following comment for the derivation of the form स्यु: – https://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/10/04/गृहेषु-nlp/#comment-5084

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