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असंशयः mNs

Today we will look at the form असंशयः mNs from श्रीमद्भागवद्गीता 18.68

सर्वधर्मान्परित्यज्य मामेकं शरणं व्रज । अहं त्वा सर्वपापेभ्यो मोक्षयिष्यामि मा शुचः ।। 18-66 ।।
इदं ते नातपस्काय नाभक्ताय कदाचन । न चाशुश्रूषवे वाच्यं न च मां योऽभ्यसूयति ।। 18-67 ।।
य इदं परमं गुह्यं मद्भक्तेष्वभिधास्यति । भक्तिं मयि परां कृत्वा मामेवैष्यत्यसंशयः ।। 18-68 ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
ततोऽपि गुह्यतममाह – सर्वेति । मद्भक्तस्यैव सर्वं भविष्यतीति दृढविश्वासेन विधिकैंकर्यं त्यक्त्वा मदेकशरणो भव । एवंवर्तमानः कर्मत्यागनिमित्तं पापं स्यादिति मा शुचः शोकं मा कार्षीः । यतस्त्वा त्वां मदेकशरणं सर्वपापेभ्योऽहं मोक्षयिष्यामि ।। ६६ ।। एवं गीतार्थतत्त्वमुपदिश्य तत्संप्रदायप्रवर्तने नियममाह – इदमिति । इदं गीतार्थतत्त्वं ते त्वयाऽतपस्काय स्वधर्मानुष्ठानहीनाय न वाच्यं, न चाभक्ताय गुरौ ईश्वरे च भक्तिशून्याय कदाचिदपि न वाच्यं, न चाशुश्रूषवे परिचर्यामकुर्वते वाच्यं, मां परमेश्वरं योऽभ्यसूयति मनुष्यदृष्ट्या दोषारोपेण निन्दति तस्मै च न वाच्यम् ।। ६७ ।। एतैर्दोषैर्विरहितेभ्यो मद्भक्तेभ्यो गीताशास्त्रोपदेष्टुः फलमाह – इति । मद्भक्तेष्वभिधास्यति मद्भक्तेभ्यो यो वक्ष्यति स मयि परां भक्तिं करोति । ततो निःसंशयः सन् मामेव प्राप्नोतीत्यर्थः ।। ६८ ।।

Gita Press translation – Resigning all your duties (to Me, the all-powerful and all supporting Lord), take refuge in Me alone; I shall absolve you of all sins, worry not (66). This secret gospel of the Gītā should never be imparted to a man who lacks in austerity, nor to him who is wanting in devotion, nor even to him who is not willing to hear; and in no case to him who finds fault with Me (67). He who, offering the highest love to Me, preaches the most profound gospel of the Gītā among my devotees, shall come to Me alone; there is no doubt about it (68).

Note: श्रीधर-स्वामी has taken असंशयः as a बहुव्रीहि: compound (meaning ‘one who is free of doubt’) here. Gita Press has translated it as a तत्पुरुष: compound (meaning ‘no doubt.’) In the steps below we have analyzed the compound as a तत्पुरुष:।

(1) न संशय: = असंशय: – No doubt.

अलौकिक-विग्रह: –
(2) नञ्‌ + संशय सुँ । By 2-2-6 नञ्‌ – The negation particle नञ्‌ (meaning ‘not’) optionally compounds with a सुबन्तं (ending in a सुँप् affix) पदम् and the resulting compound is a तत्पुरुष:।
Note: The negation particle नञ्‌ belongs to the चादि-गणः (referenced in 1-4-57 चादयोऽसत्त्वे)। Hence it gets the designation निपात: by 1-4-56 प्राग्रीश्वरान्निपाताः and the designation अव्ययम् by 1-1-37 स्वरादिनिपातमव्ययम्।
Note: तत्सादृश्यमभावश्च तदन्यत्वं तदल्पता । अप्राशस्त्यं विरोधश्च नञर्था: षट् प्रकीर्तिता: ॥ The negation particle नञ्‌ may convey any of the following senses –
i) तत्सादृश्यम् – similarity to that which is being negated.
ii) अभाव: – absence of that which is being negated.
iii) तदन्यत्वम् – different from that which is being negated.
iv) तदल्पता – smallness of that which is being negated.
v) अप्राशस्त्यम् – non-praiseworthiness.
vi) विरोध: – opposite of that which is being negated.
In the present example the negation particle नञ्‌ conveys the sense of अभाव: – absence of that which is being negated. An absence of doubt.

(3) By 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् – the term नञ् gets the designation उपसर्जनम् because in the सूत्रम् 2-2-6 (which prescribes the compounding) the term नञ् ends in the nominative case. Hence the term नञ् is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-30 उपसर्जनं पूर्वम्‌ – In a compound a term which has the designation ‘उपसर्जन’ should be placed in the prior position.

(4) न + संशय सुँ । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः
Note: ‘न + संशय सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.

(5) न + संशय । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

(6) असंशय । By 6-3-73 नलोपो नञः – The letter ‘न्’ of the negation particle नञ्‌ is elided when followed by a final member of a compound.

As per the सूत्रम् 2-4-26 परवल्लिङ्गं द्वन्द्वतत्पुरुषयोः, the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘असंशय’ is masculine since the latter member ‘संशय’ of the compound is masculine. The compound declines like राम-शब्द:।

The विवक्षा is प्रथमा-एकवचनम् ।

(7) असंशय + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्

(8) असंशय + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(9) असंशय: । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः

Questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 2-2-6 नञ्‌ (used in step 2) been used for the first time in Chapter Sixteen of the गीता?

2. Can you spot two other (besides असंशय:) नञ्-तत्पुरुष: compounds in the verses?

3. In which word(s) in the verses has the सूत्रम् 2-1-49 पूर्वकालैकसर्वजरत्पुराणनवकेवलाः समानाधिकरणेन been used?

4. Which कृत्य-प्रत्यय: is used to derive the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘वाच्य’ (used in the form वाच्यम् (नपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-एकवचनम्) in the verses)?

5. What kind of compound is दृढविश्वासेन (पुंलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘दृढविश्वास’, तृतीया-एकवचनम्) used in the commentary?
i. अव्ययीभाव:
ii. नञ्-तत्पुरुष:
iii. कर्मधारय:
iv. षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष:

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“It’s definitely going to rain tomorrow.” Paraphrase to “There will be rain tomorrow. (There is) no doubt.” Use the feminine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘वर्षा’ for ‘rain.’

Easy questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 3-1-27 कण्ड्वादिभ्यो यक् been used in the verses?

2. Can you spot the affix णिच् in the verses?


1 Comment

  1. 1. Where has the सूत्रम् 2-2-6 नञ्‌ (used in step 2) been used for the first time in Chapter Sixteen of the गीता?
    Answer: The सूत्रम् 2-2-6 नञ्‌ has been used for the first time in Chapter Sixteen of the गीता in the form अभयम् (नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अभय’, प्रथमा-एकवचनम्)।

    अभयं सत्त्वसंशुद्धिर्ज्ञानयोगव्यवस्थितिः |
    दानं दमश्च यज्ञश्च स्वाध्यायस्तप आर्जवम्‌ || 16-1||

    न भयम् = अभयम् – absence of fear
    In the above compound, the particle नञ्‌ conveys the sense of अभाव: – absence of that which is being negated.

    The derivation of the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अभय’ is similar to the derivation of the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘असंशय’ as shown in the post.
    As per the सूत्रम् 2-4-26 परवल्लिङ्गं द्वन्द्वतत्पुरुषयोः, the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अभय’ is neuter since the latter member ‘भय’ of the compound is neuter in gender. The compound declines like वन-शब्द:। प्रथमा-एकवचनम् is अभयम्।

    2. Can you spot two other (besides असंशय:) नञ्-तत्पुरुष: compounds in the verses?
    Answer: The compounds अभक्ताय (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अभक्त’, पुंलिङ्गे चतुर्थी-एकवचनम्) and अशुश्रूषवे (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अशुश्रूषु’, पुंलिङ्गे चतुर्थी-एकवचनम्) are also नञ्-तत्पुरुष: compounds.

    न भक्तः = अभक्तः – Non-devotee
    न शुश्रूषुः = अशुश्रूषुः – Not desiring to listen
    In the above two compounds, the particle नञ्‌ conveys the sense of विरोध: – opposite of that which is being negated.

    The derivation of the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अभक्त’ as well as ‘अशुश्रूषु’ is similar to the derivation of the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अपर्याप्त’ shown in answer to question 1 in the following comment – https://avg-sanskrit.org/2015/08/10/अब्राह्मणः-mns/#comment-35496

    As per the सूत्रम् 2-4-26 परवल्लिङ्गं द्वन्द्वतत्पुरुषयोः, the compounds ‘अभक्त’ and ‘अशुश्रूषु’ are adjectives, since the latter members ‘भक्त’ and ‘शुश्रूषु’ of the compounds are adjectives. Here they are used in the masculine gender.

    3. In which word(s) in the verses has the सूत्रम् 2-1-49 पूर्वकालैकसर्वजरत्पुराणनवकेवलाः समानाधिकरणेन been used?
    Answer: The सूत्रम् 2-1-49 पूर्वकालैकसर्वजरत्पुराणनवकेवलाः समानाधिकरणेन has been used in the forms सर्वधर्मान् (पुंलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सर्वधर्म’, द्वितीया-बहुवचनम्) and सर्वपापेभ्यः (नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सर्वपाप’, पञ्चमी-बहुवचनम्)।

    सर्वाणि च तानि पापानि = सर्वपापानि – all sins
    सर्वे च ते धर्माः = सर्वधर्माः – all duties

    The derivation of the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सर्वधर्म’ as well as ‘सर्वपाप’ is similar to the derivation of the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सर्वसत्त्व’ as shown in answer to question 3 in the following comment – https://avg-sanskrit.org/2015/05/21/सप्तर्षिभिः-mip/#comment-35293

    As per the सूत्रम् 2-4-26 परवल्लिङ्गं द्वन्द्वतत्पुरुषयोः, the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सर्वधर्म’ is masculine since the latter member ‘धर्म’ of the compound is masculine and the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सर्वपाप’ is neuter since the latter member ‘पाप’ of the compound is neuter.

    4. Which कृत्य-प्रत्यय: is used to derive the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘वाच्य’ (used in the form वाच्यम् (नपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-एकवचनम्) in the verses)?
    Answer: The कृत्य-प्रत्यय: ‘ण्यत्’ is used to derive the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘वाच्य’।

    Please see the following post for the derivation of the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘वाच्य’ –
    http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/09/17/वाच्यः-mns/

    5. What kind of compound is दृढविश्वासेन (पुंलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘दृढविश्वास’, तृतीया-एकवचनम्) used in the commentary?
    i. अव्ययीभाव:
    ii. नञ्-तत्पुरुष:
    iii. कर्मधारय:
    iv. षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष:
    Answer: It is a कर्मधारयः compound.

    दृढश्चासौ विश्वासः = दृढविश्वासः – firm faith

    अलौकिक-विग्रह: –
    दृढ सुँ + विश्वास सुँ । By 2-1-57 विशेषणं विशेष्येण बहुलम्‌।
    By 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् – the adjective ’दृढ सुँ’ gets the designation उपसर्जनम् because in the सूत्रम् 2-1-57 (which prescribes the compounding) the term विशेषणम्‌ ends in the nominative case. Hence ‘दृढ सुँ’ is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-30 उपसर्जनं पूर्वम्‌।
    Note: ‘दृढ सुँ + विश्वास सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.
    = दृढ + विश्वास । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः।
    = दृढविश्वास ।
    Note: As per the सूत्रम् 2-4-26 परवल्लिङ्गं द्वन्द्वतत्पुरुषयोः, the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘दृढविश्वास’ is masculine since the latter member ‘विश्वास’ of the compound is masculine. It declines like राम-शब्दः। तृतीया-एकवचनम् is दृढविश्वासेन।

    6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
    “It’s definitely going to rain tomorrow.” Paraphrase to “There will be rain tomorrow. (There is) no doubt.” Use the feminine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘वर्षा’ for ‘rain.’
    श्वः वर्षा भविष्यति असंशयः = श्वो वर्षा भविष्यत्यसंशयः।

    Easy questions:
    1. Where has the सूत्रम् 3-1-27 कण्ड्वादिभ्यो यक् been used in the verses?
    Answer: The सूत्रम् 3-1-27 कण्ड्वादिभ्यो यक् has been used in the verses in the form अभ्यसूयति – derived from the verbal root √असु (असु उपतापे, कण्ड्वादि-गणः)।

    Please see answer to question 1 in the following comment for the derivation of the form अभ्यसूयति – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/08/13/कण्डूयन्ते-3ap-लँट्/#comment-4189

    2. Can you spot the affix णिच् in the verses?
    Answer: The affix ‘णिच्’ occurs in the word मोक्षयिष्यामि – derived from the verbal root √मोक्ष् (मोक्षँ असने १०. २५६).

    Please see answer to question 1 in the following comment for derivation of the form मोक्षयिष्यामि – https://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/03/08/जनयिष्यथ-2ap-लृँट्/#comment-3453

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