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वैरम् nAs

Today we will look at the form वैरम् nAs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 10.61.23.

श्रीशुक उवाच
वृतः स्वयंवरे साक्षादनङ्गोऽङ्गयुतस्तया । राज्ञः समेतान्निर्जित्य जहारैकरथो युधि ।। १०-६१-२२ ।।
यद्यप्यनुस्मरन्वैरं रुक्मी कृष्णावमानितः । व्यतरद्भागिनेयाय सुतां कुर्वन्स्वसुः प्रियम् ।। १०-६१-२३ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
तत्रोत्तरम् – स्वयंवरे रुक्मवत्या वृतः सन् राज्ञो निर्जित्य जहारेति ।। २२ ।। यद्यपि श्रीकृष्णावमानितस्तथापि वैरमनुस्मरन्नपि व्यतरत्प्रादात् । अन्वमोदतेत्यर्थः ।। २३ ।।

Gita Press translation – Śrī Śuka replied: Pradyumna (who was Love incarnate himself) was elected by Rukmavatī in a choice marriage. Having completely vanquished in battle – with none other to help him beyond the chariot he drove in – the kings assembled (there), he carried her away (22). Though constantly thinking of his hostility towards Śrī Kṛṣṇa, by whom he had been treated with contumely, yet seeking to oblige his sister (Rukmiṇī, who had been instrumental in saving his life), Rukmī gave away his daughter to his sister’s son (23).

वैरम् is द्वितीया-एकवचनम् of the नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘वैर’।

(1) वैर + अम् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्‌। As per 2-3-69 न लोकाव्ययनिष्ठाखलर्थतृनाम्‌ – A sixth case affix (‘ङस्’, ‘ओस्’, ‘आम्’) is not used (to denote कर्ता (the doer) or कर्म (the object)) of an action denoted by any one of the following –
(i) (a word ending in a substitute in place of) the affix ‘ल्’ (लँट्, लिँट् etc.)
(ii) (a word ending in) the affix ‘उ’ or an affix ending in ‘उ’
(iii) (a word ending in) the affix ‘उक’
(iv) an indeclinable
(v) (a word ending in) a निष्ठा affix (ref. 1-1-26 क्तक्तवतू निष्ठा।)
(vi) (a word ending in) the affix ‘खल्’ or any affix having the same meaning as that of ‘खल्’
(vii) (a word ending in) an affix from the प्रत्याहार: ‘तृन्’ which is formed starting from ‘तृ’ in 3-2-124 लटः शतृशानचावप्रथमासमानाधिकरणे down to 3-2-135 तृन्
In the present example the object ‘वैर’ (‘hostility’) is associated with the word अनुस्मरन् (‘constantly thinking’, प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अनुस्मरत्’, पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्), which ends in the affix ‘शतृँ’ (substituted in place of लँट्)। Therefore ‘वैर’ takes the second case affix ‘अम्’ (prescribed by the सूत्रम् 2-3-2 कर्मणि द्वितीया) and not the sixth case affix ‘ङस्’ (which would have been prescribed by the सूत्रम् 2-3-65 कर्तृकर्मणोः कृति)।

(2) वैर + अम् । By 7-1-24 अतोऽम् – The affixes ‘सुँ’ and ‘अम्’ that follow a neuter अङ्गम् ending in the short vowel ‘अ’ take ‘अम्’ as their replacement.
Note: 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending letter ‘म्’ of the affix ‘अम्’ from getting the इत्-सञ्ज्ञा ।
Note: 7-1-24 अतोऽम् is required here to prevent 7-1-23 स्वमोर्नपुंसकात्‌ from applying.

(3) वैरम् । By 6-1-107 अमि पूर्व: – In place of a preceding letter ‘अक्’ and the following vowel (‘अच्’) belonging to the affix ‘अम्’ there is a single substitute of that preceding अक् letter.

Questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 2-3-69 न लोकाव्ययनिष्ठाखलर्थतृनाम्‌ been used between verses 47-49 of Chapter Eighteen of the गीता?

2. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 2-3-69 न लोकाव्ययनिष्ठाखलर्थतृनाम्‌ the तत्त्वबोधिनी says – जिघृक्षितरूपविनाशप्रसङ्गात् तृनामित्यत्र णत्वं न कृतम्। Please explain.

3. Can you spot the augment तुँक् in the verses?

4. Where has the verbal root (इण् गतौ २. ४०) been used in the verses?

5. Which सूत्रम् justifies the fourth case affix used in the form भागिनेयाय?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Going to the temple I see your house on the way.”

Easy questions:

1. Can you spot the augment अट् in the verses?

2. Where has the सूत्रम् 2-4-77 गातिस्थाघुपाभूभ्यः सिचः परस्मैपदेषु been used in the commentary?


1 Comment

  1. 1. Where has the सूत्रम् 2-3-69 न लोकाव्ययनिष्ठाखलर्थतृनाम्‌ been used between verses 47-49 of Chapter Eighteen of the गीता?
    Answer: The सूत्रम् 2-3-69 न लोकाव्ययनिष्ठाखलर्थतृनाम्‌ been used between verses 47-49 of Chapter Eighteen of the गीता in the form कर्म (नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘कर्मन्’, द्वितीया-एकवचनम्)।
    श्रेयान्स्वधर्मो विगुणः परधर्मात्स्वनुष्ठितात्‌ |
    स्वभावनियतं कर्म कुर्वन्नाप्नोति किल्बिषम्‌ || 18-47||

    Here the object ‘कर्मन्’ (‘work’) is associated with the word कुर्वन् (‘doing’, प्रातिपदिकम् ‘कुर्वत्’, पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्), which ends in the affix ‘शतृँ’ (substituted in place of लँट्)। Therefore ‘कर्मन्’ takes the second case affix ‘अम्’ (prescribed by the सूत्रम् 2-3-2 कर्मणि द्वितीया) and not the sixth case affix ‘ङस्’ (which would have been prescribed by the सूत्रम् 2-3-65 कर्तृकर्मणोः कृति)।

    2. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 2-3-69 न लोकाव्ययनिष्ठाखलर्थतृनाम्‌ the तत्त्वबोधिनी says – जिघृक्षितरूपविनाशप्रसङ्गात् तृनामित्यत्र णत्वं न कृतम्। Please explain.
    Answer: As per the वार्तिकम् – ऋवर्णान्नस्य णत्वं वाच्यम्, the letter ‘ण्’ should have been substituted in place of the letter ‘न्’ of ‘तृन्’ used in the सूत्रम् 2-3-69 न लोकाव्ययनिष्ठाखलर्थतृनाम्‌। But this would meant losing the desired form ‘तृन्’, leaving us to guess what exactly was being conveyed by ‘तृण्’। So in order to provide clarity पाणिनि: did not substitute the letter ‘ण्’ in place of the letter ‘न्’ of ‘तृन्’।

    3. Can you spot the augment तुँक् in the verses?
    Answer: The augment तुँक् occurs in the verses in the form निर्जित्य – derived from the verbal root √जि (जि अभिभवे १. १०९६) preceded by the उपसर्गः ‘निर्/निस्’।

    जि + क्त्वा । By 3-4-21 समानकर्तृकयोः पूर्वकाले ।
    Note: Here the common agent of the actions निर्जित्य (completely vanquished) and जहार (carried away) is Pradyumna (who was Love incarnate himself.) The earlier of the two actions is the action of ‘vanquishing’ which is denoted by √जि and hence √जि takes the affix ‘क्त्वा’।
    Note: अव्ययकृतो भावे (from महाभाष्यम्) – कृत् affixes (such as ‘क्‍त्‍वा’) having the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा are used to denote भाव: (action) – and not the agent (ref. 3-4-67 कर्तरि कृत्‌) of the action.
    = निर्/निस् + जि + क्त्वा । ‘जि + क्त्वा’ is compounded with ‘निर्/निस्’ using the सूत्रम् 2-2-18 कुगतिप्रादयः।
    = निर्/निस् + जि + ल्यप् । By 7-1-37 समासेऽनञ्पूर्वे क्त्वो ल्यप्‌, 1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित्सर्वस्य।
    Note: As per 1-1-56 स्थानिवदादेशोऽनल्विधौ, the substitution ‘ल्यप्’ (in place of the affix ‘क्त्वा’) inherits the property of being a कित् (having the letter ‘क्’ as a इत्) affix with the designation of कृत् (by 3-1-93 कृदतिङ्) and आर्धधातुकम् (by 3-4-114 आर्धधातुकं शेषः।)
    = निर्/निस् + जि + य । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। Note: 1-1-5 क्क्ङिति च stops 7-3-84 सार्वधातुकार्धधातुकयोः।
    = निर्/निस् + जि तुँक् + य । By 6-1-71 ह्रस्वस्य पिति कृति तुक् – When followed by a कृत् affix which is a पित् (has the letter ‘प्’ as a इत्), a short vowel takes the augment ‘तुँक्’। As per 1-1-46 आद्यन्तौ टकितौ, the augment ‘तुँक्’ joins after the short vowel ‘इ’।
    = निर्/निस् जित्य । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
    = निर्/निरुँ जित्य । By 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः।
    = निर्जित्य । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

    4. Where has the verbal root (इण् गतौ २. ४०) been used in the verses?
    Answer: The verbal root (इण् गतौ २. ४०) has been used in the form समेतान् (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘समेत’, पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-बहुवचनम्)।

    The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘समेत’ is derived from the verbal root (इण् गतौ २. ४०) preceded by the उपसर्गौ ‘सम्’ and ‘आङ्‘ as follows –
    इ + क्त । By 3-2-102 निष्ठा। Note: The affix ‘क्त’ denotes the agent (कर्तरि) here as per 3-4-72 गत्यर्थाकर्मकश्लिषशीङ्स्थासवसजनरुहजीर्यतिभ्यश्च।
    = इ + त । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। Note: Here 7-2-10 एकाच उपदेशेऽनुदात्तात्‌ prevents the affix ‘त’ from taking the augment ‘इट्’ which would have been done by the सूत्रम् 7-2-35 आर्धधातुकस्येड् वलादेः।
    = इत।

    सम् आङ् + इत । ‘इत’ is compounded with the उपसर्गौ ‘सम्’ and ‘आङ्’ using the सूत्रम् 2-2-18 कुगतिप्रादयः।
    = सम् आ इत । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
    = समेत । By 6-1-87 आद्‌गुणः।
    ‘समेत’ gets the प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। ‘समेत’ is an adjective. It is used in the masculine here since it is qualifying the masculine noun राज्ञः (kings.) It declines like राम-शब्दः in the masculine gender. द्वितीया-बहुवचनम् is समेतान्।

    5. Which सूत्रम् justifies the fourth case affix used in the form भागिनेयाय?
    Answer: The सूत्रम् 2-3-13 चतुर्थी सम्प्रदाने justifies the fourth case affix used in the form भागिनेयाय (पुंलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘भागिनेय’, चतुर्थी-एकवचनम्)।

    The सूत्रम् 2-3-13 applies because ‘भागिनेय’ (‘sister’s son’) has the designation सम्‍प्रदानम् here by the सूत्रम् 1-4-32 कर्मणा यमभिप्रैति स सम्प्रदानम् – That कारकम् (participant in the action) whom the doer wishes to connect/endow with the object of an action is called सम्‍प्रदानम् (recipient.)
    The doer is रुक्मी, the object of the action (व्यतरत्) is ‘सुता’ and the सम्‍प्रदानम् (recipient) is ‘भागिनेय’। Therefore the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘भागिनेय’ takes a fourth case affix by the सूत्रम् 2-3-13 चतुर्थी सम्प्रदाने।

    6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
    “Going to the temple I see your house on the way.”
    Answer: (अहम्) मन्दिरम् गच्छन् तव/ते गृहम् मार्गे पश्यामि = (अहं) मन्दिरं गच्छन् तव/ते गृहं मार्गे पश्यामि।

    Easy questions:

    1. Can you spot the augment अट् in the verses?
    Answer: The augment अट् occurs in the form व्यतरत् – derived from the verbal root √तॄ (तॄ प्लवनतरणयोः १. ११२४).

    The विवक्षा is लँङ्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्।
    तॄ + लँङ् । By 3-2-111 अनद्यतने लङ्।
    = तॄ + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
    = तॄ + तिप् । By 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस्तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ्, 1-3-78 शेषात् कर्तरि परस्मैपदम्।
    = तॄ + ति । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
    = तॄ + त् । By 3-4-100 इतश्च।
    = तॄ + शप् + त् । By 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्‌।
    = तॄ + अ + त् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
    = तर् + अ + त् । By 7-3-84 सार्वधातुकार्धधातुकयोः, 1-1-51 उरण् रपरः।
    = अट् तरत् । By 6-4-71 लुङ्लङ्लृङ्क्ष्वडुदात्तः – When followed by लुँङ्, लँङ् or लृँङ्, an अङ्गम् gets the augment ‘अट्’ which is उदात्तः। As per 1-1-46 आद्यन्तौ टकितौ, the augment ‘अट्’ is placed at the beginning of the अङ्गम् ‘तरत्’।
    = अतरत् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
    ‘वि’ is the उपसर्गः (ref. 1-4-59 उपसर्गाः क्रियायोगे, 1-4-80 ते प्राग्धातोः।)
    वि + अतरत् = व्यतरत् । By 6-1-77 इको यणचि।

    2. Where has the सूत्रम् 2-4-77 गातिस्थाघुपाभूभ्यः सिचः परस्मैपदेषु been used in the commentary?
    Answer: The सूत्रम् 2-4-77 गातिस्थाघुपाभूभ्यः सिचः परस्मैपदेषु has been used in the commentary in the form प्रादात् – derived from the verbal root √दा (डुदाञ् दाने ३. १०).

    Please see the following post for derivation of the form अदात् – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/04/26/अदात्
    ‘प्र’ is the उपसर्ग: (ref: 1-4-59 उपसर्गाः क्रियायोगे, 1-4-80 ते प्राग्धातोः।)
    प्र + अदात् = प्रादात् । By 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः।

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