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एकः mNs

Today we will look at the form एकः mNs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 10.56.19.

हतं प्रसेनमश्वं च वीक्ष्य केसरिणा वने । तं चाद्रिपृष्ठे निहतमृक्षेण ददृशुर्जनाः ।। १०-५६-१८ ।।
ऋक्षराजबिलं भीममन्धेन तमसावृतम् । एको विवेश भगवानवस्थाप्य बहिः प्रजाः ।। १०-५६-१९ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
No commentary on these verses.

Gita Press translation – Discovering (first) Prasena as well as his horse killed in the forest by a lion, people further saw the lion (itself) killed on the mountain side by a bear (18). The Lord stationed the people outside and entered alone the fearful cave of Jāmbavān (the king of bears), covered with thick darkness (19).

Note: These verses have also been previously posted in the following post – एकः-mns

The form एकः is derived from the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘एक’। The विवक्षा is पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्।

(1) एक + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्‌। By 2-3-46 प्रातिपदिकार्थलिङ्गपरिमाणवचनमात्रे प्रथमा – A first case affix (‘सुँ’, ‘औ’, ‘जस्’) is used to denote (i) only the meaning of the प्रातिपदिकम् (nominal stem) or (ii) only the additional sense of gender or (iii) only the additional sense of measure or (iv) only number.

(2) एक + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) एकः । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः

Questions:

1. Where has the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘एक’ been used पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम् in the गीता?

2. In Chapter Fifteen of the गीता can you find a word in which a प्रथमा विभक्ति: has been used वचनमात्रे = संख्‍यामात्रे (to denote only number)?

3. Commenting on the examples एक:, द्वौ, बहव: the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी explains the purpose of having the term ‘वचन’ in the सूत्रम् 2-3-46 प्रातिपदिकार्थलिङ्गपरिमाणवचनमात्रे प्रथमा as follows – इहोक्तार्थत्वाद्विभक्तेरप्राप्तौ वचनम्। Please elaborate on this statement.

4. In the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘भीम’ the उणादि-प्रत्यय: ‘मक्’ is used in the sense of –
(i) कर्मणि
(ii) करणे
(iii) अपादाने
(iv) अधिकरणे

5. Can you spot the augment पुक् in the verses?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Śrī Rāma felled (caused to fall) seven palm trees with a single arrow.” Use the masculine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘ताल’ for ‘palm tree.’

Easy questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-1-12 टाङसिङसामिनात्स्याः been used in the verses?

2. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“There is only one day left in this month.” To express the meaning ‘to be left’ use (in the passive) the verbal root √शिष् (शिषॢ विशेषणे ७. १४) with the उपसर्ग: ‘अव’।


1 Comment

  1. 1. Where has the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘एक’ been used पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम् in the गीता?
    Answer: The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘एक’ has been पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम् in the गीता in the following verses –

    यच्चावहासार्थमसत्कृतोऽसि विहारशय्यासनभोजनेषु |
    एकोऽथवाप्यच्युत तत्समक्षं तत्क्षामये त्वामहमप्रमेयम्‌ || 11-42||

    यथा प्रकाशयत्येकः कृत्स्नं लोकमिमं रविः |
    क्षेत्रं क्षेत्री तथा कृत्स्नं प्रकाशयति भारत || 13-34||

    2. In Chapter Fifteen of the गीता can you find a word in which a प्रथमा विभक्ति: has been used वचनमात्रे = संख्‍यामात्रे (to denote only number)?
    Answer: In Chapter Fifteen of the गीता a word in which a प्रथमा विभक्ति: has been used वचनमात्रे = संख्‍यामात्रे is द्वौ (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘द्वि’, पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-द्विवचनम्)।

    द्वाविमौ पुरुषौ लोके क्षरश्चाक्षर एव च |
    क्षरः सर्वाणि भूतानि कूटस्थोऽक्षर उच्यते || 15-16||

    द्वि + औ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टा.. । By 2-3-46 प्रातिपदिकार्थलिङ्गपरिमाणवचनमात्रे प्रथमा – A first case affix (‘सुँ’, ‘औ’, ‘जस्’) is used to denote (i) only the meaning of the प्रातिपदिकम् (nominal stem) or (ii) only the additional sense of gender or (iii) only the additional sense of measure or (iv) only number.
    = द्व् अ + औ । By 7-2-102 त्यदादीनामः, the ending letter (see 1-1-52 अलोऽन्त्यस्य) of the pronouns, starting with ‘त्यद्’ and ending with ‘द्वि’, is replaced by ‘अ’ when followed by a विभक्ति: affix.
    = द्वौ । By 6-1-88 वृद्धिरेचि। Note: 6-1-104 नादिचि stops 6-1-102 प्रथमयोः पूर्वसवर्णः।

    3. Commenting on the examples एक:, द्वौ, बहव: the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी explains the purpose of having the term ‘वचन’ in the सूत्रम् 2-3-46 प्रातिपदिकार्थलिङ्गपरिमाणवचनमात्रे प्रथमा as follows – इहोक्तार्थत्वाद्विभक्तेरप्राप्तौ वचनम्। Please elaborate on this statement.
    Answer: The point is that in the case of nominal stems – like ‘एक’ – denoting numbers, the notion of number is already a part of the प्रातिपदिकार्थः (meaning of the nominal stem). Hence, the maxim उक्तार्थानामप्रयोगः (meanings which have already been expressed are not to be expressed again) prevents us from adding the nominative case ending to convey the notion of number again. Therefore, in order to allow the use of nominative case endings (which are required in order to get the designation पदम् by the सूत्रम् 1-4-14 सुप्तिङन्तं पदम्) here also in the three grammatical numbers, पाणिनिः has deliberately added the word ‘वचन’ in the सूत्रम् 2-3-46.

    4. In the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘भीम’ the उणादि-प्रत्यय: ‘मक्’ is used in the sense of –
    (i) कर्मणि
    (ii) करणे
    (iii) अपादाने
    (iv) अधिकरणे
    Answer: In the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘भीम’ the उणादि-प्रत्यय: ‘मक्’ is used in the sense of (iii) अपादाने।

    Please refer to answer to question 3 in the following comment for derivation of the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘भीम’ – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2013/02/27/एकः-mns/#comment-18580

    5. Can you spot the augment पुक् in the verses?
    Answer: The augment पुक् is used in the form अवस्थाप्य – derived from the causative form of the verbal root √स्था (ष्ठा गतिनिवृत्तौ १. १०७७) preceded by the उपसर्गः ‘अव’।

    स्था + णिच् । By 3-1-26 हेतुमति च।
    = स्था + इ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-7 चुटू, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
    = स्था पुक् + इ । By 7-3-36 अर्त्तिह्रीव्लीरीक्नूयीक्ष्माय्यातां पुङ्णौ – the augment पुक् is added to the roots √ऋ (ऋ गतिप्रापणयोः १. १०८६, ऋ गतौ ३. १७), √ह्री (ह्री लज्जायाम् ३. ३), √व्ली (व्ली वरणे ९. ३७), √री (रीङ् श्रवणे ४. ३३, री गतिरेषणयोः ९. ३५), √क्नूय् (क्नूयीँ शब्द उन्दने च १. ५५८), √क्ष्माय् (क्ष्मायीँ विधूनने १. ५५९) and to a root ending in the letter ‘आ’ when the causative affix ‘णि’ follows. As per 1-1-46 आद्यन्तौ टकितौ, the augment ‘पुक्’ joins at the end of the अङ्गम् ‘स्था’।
    = स्था प् + इ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। Note: The letter ‘उ’ in ‘पुक्’ is उच्चारणार्थ: (for pronunciation only.)
    = स्थापि । ‘स्थापि’ gets धातु-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-1-32 सनाद्यन्ता धातवः।

    स्थापि + क्त्वा । By 3-4-21 समानकर्तृकयोः पूर्वकाले।
    Note: Here the common agent of the actions अवस्थाप्य (stationed) and विवेश (entered) is भगवान्। The earlier of the two actions is the action ’of stationing’ which is denoted by √स्था and hence √स्था takes the affix ‘क्त्वा’।
    अव स्थापि + क्त्वा । ‘स्थापि + क्त्वा’ is compounded with ‘अव’ using the सूत्रम् 2-2-18 कुगतिप्रादयः।
    = अव स्थापि + ल्यप् । By 7-1-37 समासेऽनञ्पूर्वे क्त्वो ल्यप्‌, 1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित्सर्वस्य।
    Note: As per 1-1-56 स्थानिवदादेशोऽनल्विधौ, the substitution ‘ल्यप्’ (in place of the affix ‘क्त्वा’) inherits the property of being a कित् (having the letter ‘क्’ as a इत्) affix with the designation of कृत् (by 3-1-93 कृदतिङ्) and आर्धधातुकम् (by 3-4-114 आर्धधातुकं शेषः।)
    = अव स्थापि + य । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
    Note: Since the affix ‘य’ begins with the letter ‘य्’ (which does not belong to the प्रत्याहार: ‘वल्’) it cannot take the augment ‘इट्’ prescribed the सूत्रम् 7-2-35 आर्धधातुकस्येड् वलादेः। This allows 6-4-51 to apply in the next step.
    = अवस्थाप्य । By 6-4-51 णेरनिटि।

    ‘अवस्थाप्य’ gets the प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च and the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-40 क्त्वातोसुन्कसुनः with the help of 1-1-56 स्थानिवदादेशोऽनल्विधौ।

    अवस्थाप्य + सुँ (default) । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।
    = अवस्थाप्य । By 2-4-82 अव्ययादाप्सुपः।

    6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
    “Śrī Rāma felled (caused to fall) seven palm trees with a single arrow.” Use the masculine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘ताल’ for ‘palm tree.’
    Answer: श्रीरामः एकेन शरेण सप्त तालान् पातयामास = श्रीराम एकेन शरेण सप्त तालान् पातयामास।

    Easy questions:

    1. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-1-12 टाङसिङसामिनात्स्याः been used in the verses?
    Answer: The सूत्रम् 7-1-12 टाङसिङसामिनात्स्याः has been used in the forms ऋक्षेण (पुंलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘ऋक्ष’, तृतीया-एकवचनम्) and अन्धेन (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अन्ध’, नपुंसकलिङ्गे तृतीया-एकवचनम्)
    ऋक्ष + टा । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्… ।
    = ऋक्ष + इन । By 7-1-12 टाङसिङसामिनात्स्याः – following a अङ्गम् ending in the letter ‘अ’, the affixes ‘टा’, ‘ङसिँ’ and ‘ङस्’ are replaced respectively by ‘इन’, ‘आत्’ and ‘स्य’
    = ऋक्षेन । By 6-1-87 आद्‌गुणः।
    = ऋक्षेण । By 8-4-2 अट्कुप्वाङ्नुम्व्यवायेऽपि।

    अन्ध + टा । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्… ।
    = अन्ध + इन । By 7-1-12 टाङसिङसामिनात्स्याः – Following a अङ्गम् ending in the letter ‘अ’, the affixes ‘टा’, ‘ङसिँ’ and ‘ङस्’ are replaced respectively by ‘इन’, ‘आत्’ and ‘स्य’
    = अन्धेन । By 6-1-87 आद्‌गुणः।

    2. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
    “There is only one day left in this month.” To express the meaning ‘to be left’ use (in the passive) the verbal root √शिष् (शिषॢ विशेषणे ७. १४) with the उपसर्ग: ‘अव’।
    Answer: अस्मिन् मासे एकम् एव दिनम् अवशिष्यते = अस्मिन् मास एकमेव दिनमवशिष्यते।

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