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प्रश्नः mNs

Today we will look at the form प्रश्नः mNs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 11.13.22.

दृष्ट्वा मां त उपव्रज्य कृत्वा पादाभिवन्दनम् । ब्रह्माणमग्रतः कृत्वा पप्रच्छुः को भवानिति ।। ११-१३-२० ।।
इत्यहं मुनिभिः पृष्टस्तत्त्वजिज्ञासुभिस्तदा । यदवोचमहं तेभ्यस्तदुद्धव निबोध मे ।। ११-१३-२१ ।।
वस्तुनो यद्यनानात्वमात्मनः प्रश्न ईदृशः । कथं घटेत वो विप्रा वक्तुर्वा मे क आश्रयः ।। ११-१३-२२ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
इत्यहं मुनिभिः पृष्ट इति पृथग्वाक्यम् । यदवोचमिति च पृथक् । अतोऽस्मच्छब्दावृत्तिरदोषः । तेभ्यो यदवोचं तन्मे वचनं निबोध ।। २१ ।। देहादिविविक्तात्मज्ञाने सति तन्निष्ठस्य रागाद्यसंभवात्स्वयमेव विषयचेतसोर्विश्लेषो भवतीति वक्तुं प्रश्नखण्डनमिषेणैव तावदात्मानात्मविवेकमाह – वस्तुन इति त्रिभिः । किमात्मनोऽयं प्रश्नस्तदुपाधेर्भूतसङ्घस्य वा । यद्यात्मनस्तर्हि तस्य वस्तुनः परमार्थरूपस्यानानात्वे सति हे विप्राः, वो युष्माभिः कृतः प्रश्न ईदृशो बहुषु निर्धारणरूपः कथं घटेत वक्तुरुत्तरदातुर्वा मे मम क आश्रयः । अविशेषे आत्मनि कं जातिगुणादिविशेषमाश्रित्योत्तरं वक्ष्यामीत्यर्थः ।। २२ ।।

Gita Press translation – Beholding Me and placing Brahmā at their head, they (Sanaka and others) came up to Me and, bowing at My feet, asked Me as to who I was (20). In these words was I interrogated on the said occasion by the sages, keen as they were to know the Truth. (Now) hear from Me, O Uddhava, what I spoke to them (in reply) (21). If there is unity of the substance known as the Self (and if your question relates to the Self in Me), how can such a question on your part (as you have asked Me, calling upon Me to specify Myself out of many) be relevant, O Brāhmaṇa sages! Or (even) if I (proceed to) speak (in reply), what (distinctive quality) can be My basis (for an answer) ? (22)

प्रच्छनं प्रश्न:।

The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘प्रश्न’ is derived from the verbal root  √प्रच्छ् (प्रच्छँ ज्ञीप्सायाम् ६.१४९).

(1) प्रच्छ् + नङ् । By 3-3-90 यजयाचयतविच्छप्रच्छरक्षो नङ् – Following the verbal root √यज् (यजँ देवपूजासङ्गतिकरणदानेषु १. ११५७) or √याच् (टुयाचृँ याच्ञायाम् १. १००१) or √यत् (यतीँ प्रयत्ने १. ३०) or √विच्छ् (विच्छँ गतौ ६. १५९) or √प्रच्छ् (प्रच्छँ ज्ञीप्सायाम् ६.१४९) or √रक्ष् (रक्षँ पालने १. ७४६) the affix ‘नङ्’ may be used to denote either (i) the sense of the verbal root as having attained to a completed state or (ii) any कारक: except the agent of the action, provided the word so derived is a proper name.

(2) प्रच्छ् + न । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः

Note: The affix नङ् is prohibited from taking the augment इट् by 7-2-8 नेड् वशि कृति। In addition, 7-2-10 एकाच उपदेशेऽनुदात्तात्‌ also blocks the augment इट् because √प्रच्छ् (प्रच्छँ ज्ञीप्सायाम् ६.१४९) is अनुदात्तोपदश:। Also note that 6-1-16 ग्रहिज्यावयिव्यधिवष्टिविचतिवृश्चतिपृच्छतिभृज्जतीनां ङिति च should have applied here. But it is not applied because पाणिनि: has himself used the form ‘प्रश्न’ in 3-2-117 प्रश्ने चासन्नकाले etc and we would not get the form ‘प्रश्न’ if we were to apply 6-1-16.

(3) प्रश् + न । By 6-4-19 च्छ्वोः शूडनुनासिके च – The letter ‘छ्’ (along with the augment ‘तुँक्’) and the letter ‘व्’ is replaced respectively by the letter ‘श्’ and ‘ऊठ्’ when followed by either –
(i) any affix which begins with a nasal or
(ii) the affix ‘क्विँ’ or
(iii) any affix which begins with a letter of the ‘झल्’-प्रत्याहार: and is marked by either the letter ‘क्’ or ‘ङ्’।

= प्रश्न । ‘प्रश्न’ gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च – A word form that ends in a कृत्-प्रत्ययः or a तद्धित-प्रत्ययः and so also compounds gets the name प्रातिपदिकम्।

Note: Words (except याच्ञा which is used in the feminine) derived by using the सूत्रम् 3-3-90 are used in the masculine gender in the language.

The विवक्षा here is प्रथमा-एकवचनम्

(4) प्रश्न + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्

(5) प्रश्न + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(6) प्रश्न: । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः

See easy question 2.

Questions:

1. In which Chapter of the गीता has ‘प्रश्न’ been used (as part of a compound)?

2. Commenting on the affix ‘नङ्’ prescribed by the सूत्रम् 3-3-90 यजयाचयतविच्छप्रच्छरक्षो नङ् (used in step 1), the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी says – ङित्त्वं तु ‘विश्न’ इत्यत्र गुणनिषेधाय। Please explain.

3. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the augment उम् in अवोचम्?

4. Can you spot the affix तृच् in the verses?

5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“I should make an effort to study grammar.” Paraphrase to “An effort should be made by me in the matter of the study of grammar.” Use the सूत्रम् 3-3-90 यजयाचयतविच्छप्रच्छरक्षो नङ् to derive a प्रातिपदिकम् in the meaning ‘effort.’ Use a कृत्य-प्रत्यय: with the verbal root √कृ (डुकृञ् करणे ८. १०) to derive a प्रातिपदिकम् meaning ‘should be made.’ Use the सप्तमी विभक्ति: to express the meaning of ‘in the matter of.’

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“I wonder who would give me the answer to this question.” Use the अव्ययम् ‘नु’ to express the meaning ‘I wonder.’ Use चतुर्थी विभक्ति: with ‘me.’ (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अस्मद्’)।

Easy questions:

1. Can you spot the augment सीयुट् in the verses?

2. What prevents the सूत्रम् 8-4-40 स्तोः श्चुना श्चुः from applying (to replace the letter ‘न्’ by ‘ञ्’) in the form ‘प्रश्न’?

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