Today we will look at the form म्रियते 3As-लँट् from श्रीमद्भागवतम् Sb11.22.45

मा स्वस्य कर्मबीजेन जायते सोऽप्ययं पुमान् ।
म्रियते वामरो भ्रान्त्या यथाग्निर्दारुसंयुतः ।। ११-२२-४५ ।।

Gita Press translation “Even such (an ignorant) Jīva is neither born nor dies as a result of its Karma continuing in the form of a seed. Yet through illusion (in the form of false identification with the body etc.), it appears to be born (though really unborn) and also dies as it were (though immortal), (just) as fire (though abiding in the form of an element till the end of the Kalpa) appears to come into existence and die through illusion as a result of contact with fire-wood (and the cessation of such contact respectively.)”

म्रियते is derived from the धातुः √मृ (तुदादि-गणः, मृङ् प्राणत्यागे, धातु-पाठः # ६. १३९)

In the धातु-पाठः, the √मृ-धातुः has ङकारः as इत् letter. Thus by 1-3-12 अनुदात्तङित आत्मनेपदम्, √मृ takes आत्मनेपद-प्रत्ययाः। As per 1-4-100 तङानावात्मनेपदम्, the nine प्रत्यया: from “त” to “महिङ्” get the आत्मनेपद-सञ्ज्ञा। So √मृ can take only one of these nine प्रत्यया: in कर्तरि प्रयोग:।

The विवक्षा is लँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोगः, प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्, therefore the प्रत्यय: will be “त”।

(1) मृ + लँट् । By 3-2-123 वर्तमाने लट्, the affix लँट् comes after a धातुः when denoting an action in the present tense.

(2) मृ + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) मृ + त । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस्तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “त” as the substitute for the लकारः। “त” gets the सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम्।

(4) मृ + ते । By 3-4-79 टित आत्मनेपदानां टेरे, the टि-भागः of a आत्मनेपद-प्रत्ययः which substitutes a टित्-लकारः (a लकार: which has टकार: as a इत्), gets एकारः as the replacement.

(5) मृ + श + ते । By 3-1-77 तुदादिभ्यः शः, the श-प्रत्यय: is placed after the verbal roots of the तुदादि-गणः, when followed by a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: that is used signifying the agent. This सूत्रम् is a अपवाद: (exception) to 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्‌ ।
Note: By 1-2-4 सार्वधातुकमपित्, the “श”-प्रत्यय: becomes ङिद्वत् (behaves like having a ङकारः as an इत्)। Hence 1-1-5 क्क्ङिति च prevents the गुणादेशः for the ending ऋकार: (of the अङ्गम् “मृ”) which would have been done by 7-3-84 सार्वधातुकार्धधातुकयोः।

(6) मृ + अ + ते । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते , 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(7) म् रिङ् + अ + ते । By 7-4-28 रिङ् शयग्लिङ्क्षु, the ending ऋकारः (ऋत्) of an अङ्गम् is replaced by रिङ्, when followed by any one of the following:
1. श-प्रत्यय:
2. यक्-प्रत्यय:
3. यकारादि: (beginning with a यकार:) आर्धधातुक-प्रत्ययः of लिँङ्।
As per the सूत्रम् 1-1-53 ङिच्च, only the ending ऋकार: of the अङ्गम् “मृ” gets replaced.

(8) म्रि + अ + ते । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
Note: By 1-2-4 सार्वधातुकमपित्, the “श”-प्रत्यय: becomes ङिद्वत् (behaves like having a ङकारः as an इत्)। Hence 1-1-5 क्क्ङिति च prevents the गुणादेशः for the ending इकार: (of the अङ्गम् “म्रि”) which would have been done by 7-3-84 सार्वधातुकार्धधातुकयोः।

(9) म्र् इयँङ् + अ + ते । By 6-4-77 अचि श्नुधातुभ्रुवां य्वोरियँङुवँङौ, if a प्रत्यय: beginning with an अच् (vowel) follows, then the (ending letter of the) अङ्गम् is replaced by इयँङ्/उवँङ् in the following three cases – (1) If the अङ्गम् ends in the प्रत्यय: “श्नु” or (2) If the अङ्गम् ends in the इवर्ण: or उवर्ण: of a धातु: or (3) If the अङ्गम् is the word “भ्रू”।
As per the सूत्रम् 1-1-53 ङिच्च, only the ending इकार: of the अङ्गम् “म्रि” gets replaced.

(10) म्रियते । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

Questions:

1. Where has म्रियते been used in the गीता?

2. Which सूत्रम् is used for the “जा”-आदेश: in the word जायते?

3. Looking at the form भ्रान्त्या (तृतीया-एकवचनम्) what can we say about the gender of the प्रातिपदिकम् “भ्रान्ति”?

4. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Snakes and birds are born from eggs.” Use the masculine प्रातिपदिकम् “सर्प” for “snake”, the प्रातिपदिकम् “पक्षिन्” (in the masculine) for “bird” and the masculine/neuter प्रातिपदिकम् “अण्ड” for “egg.” Use a धातु: from the verse for “to be born.”

5. How would use say this in Sanskrit?
“Lotuses are born in water.” Use the feminine प्रातिपदिकम् “अप्” (always plural) for “water.”

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“My younger brother was born in the month of “श्रावण””? Use the प्रातिपदिकम् “अनुज” (in the masculine) for “younger brother.”

Easy questions:

1. Can you spot a “असुँङ्”-आदेश: in the verse?

2. Where has 6-1-114 हशि च been used in the verse?