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चत्वारः mNp

Today we will look at the form चत्वारः from श्रीमद्वाल्मीकि-रामायणम्

पुत्राश्चास्य भविष्यन्ति चत्वारोऽमितविक्रमाः |
वंशप्रतिष्ठानकराः सर्वभूतेषु विश्रुताः || १-११-१०||

Gita Press translation “And (as a result of that sacrifice) there will be born to him (as many as) four sons possessed of immense prowess, and well-known among all created beings, who will bring honor to their line.”

‘चतुर्’ gets प्रातिपदिकसंज्ञा by 1-2-45 अर्थवदधातुरप्रत्ययः प्रातिपदिकम्. The विवक्षा here is पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्. 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप् mandates the प्रत्ययाः सुँ, औ, जस् etc. after the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘चतुर्‘.

(1) चतुर् + जस् ।

(2) चतुर् + अस् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-7 चुटू and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः. 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः stops the इत्-सञ्ज्ञा (which would have come by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् ) for the ending सकार:

(3) चतु आम् र् + अस् । By 7-1-98 चतुरनडुहोरामुदात्तः चतुर् gets the आम् augment, since जस् follows which is a सर्वनामस्थानम् affix.

(4) चतु आ र् + अस् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः.

(5) चत्वारस् । By 6-1-77 इको यणचि

(6) चत्वारः । Applying रुँत्व-विसर्गौ 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः.

Questions:

1. Which other सर्वनामस्थान-प्रत्यया: can come after the प्रातिपदिकम् “चतुर्” ?

2. Where does the word “चत्वारः” come in the गीता?

3. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-3-103 बहुवचने झल्येत्‌ been used in this verse?

4. The अमरकोश: gives four synonyms for the word “पुत्र” . Can you list them along with their genders?
( आत्मजस्तनयः सूनुः सुतः पुत्रः – इति पञ्च पुत्रस्य नामानि)

5. Based on this example, please construct the following sentence in Sanskrit – “Three daughters will be born to the commander-in-chief.” Use the प्रातिपदिकम् “दुहितृ” for daughter and “सेनापति” for commander-in-chief. In general, the correct order of terms in prose is subject (कर्ता), object (कर्म) and then the verb (क्रियापदम्) . For example, राम: सीतां पश्यति । मारुतिर्लङ्कां दहति । etc. Please use this order when composing sentences.

6. Which word in the verse translates to “well-known”?

7. Please derive the प्रथमा-बहुवचनम् of the प्रातिपदिकम् “चतुर्” in the feminine.

8. From where does the अनुवृत्ति: of “सर्वनामस्थाने” come into the सूत्रम् 7-1-98 चतुरनडुहोरामुदात्तः ?

9. By which सूत्रम् did the जस्-प्रत्यय: get the सर्वनामस्थान-सञ्ज्ञा (which was required to apply 7-1-98) in this example?

Easy questions:

1. Please give the प्रत्याहार: corresponding to each of the following (if possible):
a) All letters (vowels + consonants)
b) All consonants except the यकार:
c) All vowels except the अकार:
d) The two letters – रेफ: and लकार:
e) All consonants except semi-vowels and nasals
f) All consonants except the हकार:
g) Set of five letters containing the first letter of each वर्ग: (क-वर्ग:, च-वर्ग:, ट-वर्ग:, त-वर्ग:, प-वर्ग:)
h) Set of five letters containing the second letter of each वर्ग: (क-वर्ग:, च-वर्ग:, ट-वर्ग:, त-वर्ग:, प-वर्ग:)

2. Which letter is repeated twice in the माहेश्वर-सूत्राणि?

3. Which marker is repeated twice in the माहेश्वर-सूत्राणि?

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